Unit 4 Topic 1 Flashcards
Group Social Influence
People are more likely to change their attitudes, belies or behaviours due to:
- compliance
- identification
- internalisation
individual’s attitudes, beliefs, behaviours, are influences by who an individual associates with
Process of Group Social Influence
1) Compliance: a change in attitude publicly but not privately, so they are more likeable in their group
2) Identification: a change in attitude because an individual identifies with someone or wants to identify
3) Internalisation: a change because an individual has taken on a new belief system, and their behaviour reflects their new belief structure.
Gender Role Formation
Bandura, 1977
people pay more attention to those who are
- same sex
- attractive
- successful
- similar of higher social status
assumes that there is no innate psychological differences between sexes, any gendered behaviour is learnt as a child through ‘socialisation’
Vicarious Reward:
- See people receive a reward for behaving in a gender-appropriate manner
Vicarious Punishment:
- opposite, eg. ‘boys don’t cry’
Kohlberg’s Theory of Gender Formation
Gender identity:
- 2-3 years old
- recognises and labels themselves
Gender stability
- 3-4 years old
- realises their sex will not change over time
gender constancy:
- 5 years old
- realises that sex is a fixed state: unchanging
- realises if someone’s appearance or behaviour changes it does not make them a member of the opposite sex
Gender Schema:
- a mental representation of what it is to be male/female - stereotypes
gender scripts:
- what children consider normal based on everyday observations.
Power
a person has power if they can influence the thoughts and behaviour of others.
Status
Social position within a group
Groups
- 2+ people
- interact/ influence each other
- share common purpose
Styles of Leadership
Democratic:
- leader negotiates decisions within the group
Authoritarian:
- leader actively makes all decisions and has control over the group
Laissez-faire:
- leader does not actively make any decisions and lets the group control themselves
Conformity
Normative Influence:
- tendency of people to agree with a group so that they fit in
Social Loafing:
- tendency to exert less effort when in a group than when working alone
Socialisation
the process by which people learn the norms, beliefs, and customs of a group/society
Vicarious learning
Witnessing a type of behaviour in another and establishing whether this is acceptable or not based on observation - modelling
Agent
the person who facilitates the socialisation, eg. role models
primary Socialisation
the process of learning the customs, beliefs and appropriate behaviours of a group during the early stages of life, typically from parents and family members.
Secondary Socialisation
learning via teachers, extended family, the media and friends
Gender
Social + cultural ideas of what male + female are
Biological theory:
- biological + social factors determine gender
Psychosexual Differentiations:
- hormones are the determining factors for gender
