Unit 3 Topic 4

Question 1

Classical Conditioning

Answer 1

Pavlov, 1897/1902
Watson + Rayner, 1920

UCS = UCR
UCS + NS = UCR
CS = CR

Stimulus generalisation - responding to a stimulus that is similar to
the CS

Discrimination - responding to the CS but not any similar stimulus

Extinction - response is extinguished after time without exposure to
NS

Spontaneous recovery - reappearance of CR after rest period

Question 2

Operant Conditioning

Answer 2

Skinner, 1948

                 Reinforcement                  punishment Positive          giving pleasant                  giving unpleasant Negative        taking unpleasant             taking pleasant

Discriminative Stimulus - ‘precondition’ that indicates what
behaviour will be reinforced

Question 3

Social Learning Theory

Answer 3

Bandura, 1977

Observational Learning - tendency to observe and mimic others

Social Learning - process by which people acquire certain
behaviours by watching and learning from role models

Modelling - imitates learnt behaviour

Vicarious Reinforcement - theory that individuals are mor likely to
engage in a behaviour if they witness another
being rewarded for it.

Question 4

Social Learning Theory process

Answer 4

1) Attention: paid to the model, behaviour and its consequence
2) Retention: mental representation (understanding what to do)
3) Reproduction: physical + intellectual ability to
4) Motivation: must want to imitate behaviour
5) Reinforcement: positive reward/praise from model, 3rd person,