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Health And Social Care > Unit 4- The Sensory System > Flashcards

Unit 4- The Sensory System Flashcards

1
Q

Who are cochlea implants suitable for?

A

People w/ permanent hearing loss that isn’t helped by hearing aids

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2
Q

How do cochlea implants work?

A

Turn sound into electrical signals and send them to the cochlea

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3
Q

What are the two parts to a cochlea implant?

A

A mic behind the ear that picks up the sound and sends it to the device in the skulls
A device in the skull that picks up the signals and sends them to the brain

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4
Q

Who isn’t suitable for cochlea implants?

A

People who’s auditory nerve doesn’t work

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5
Q

What are hearing aids?

A

Small electronic devices worn in the ear that make sound louder and clearer

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6
Q

What are the types of hearing aids?

A

Behind the ear hearing aids
In the ear hearing aids
In the canal hearing aids

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7
Q

What does the outer ear contain?

A

Auricle
Auditory/ear canal
Outer layer of eardrum

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8
Q

Define auricle

A

Cartilage on either sides of the head that can be seen and felt

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9
Q

What is the function of the auricle?

A

Helps gather sound waves

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10
Q

Where do sound waves travel to?

A

Down the ear canal where they strike the eardrum

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11
Q

What is the eardrum?

A

A thin membrane that separates the outer and middle ear

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12
Q

What does the middle ear contain?

A

The ossicle bones

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13
Q

What are the ossicle bones?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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14
Q

What is the malleus also called?

A

Hammer

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15
Q

What is the Incus also called?

A

Anvil

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16
Q

What is the stapes also called?

A

Stirrup

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17
Q

What is the function of the middle ear?

A

Take soundwaves and turn them into vibrations for the inner ear

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18
Q

How are the soundwaves converted to vibrations?

A

The eardrum (stretched taut) must vibrate

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19
Q

How are proper vibrations ensured?

A

Air pressure in the middle and outside ear need to be the same

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20
Q

What does the inner ear consist of?

A

Cochlea, Eustachian tube, round windows, auditory nerve, semi-circular canals

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21
Q

Define cochlea

A

Spiral cavity containing the organ of Corti

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22
Q

What is the function of the organ of Corti?

A

Produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations

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23
Q

How does the organ of Corti produce nerve impulses?

A

Hair cells in the organ of Corti transduce mechanical sound vibrations into nerve impulses
Stimulated when basilar membrane vibrates

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24
Q

What is the round window?

A

2nd eardrum which vibrates when vibrations enter the inner ear through the oval window

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25
Q

What is the function of the round window?

A

It allows fluid in cochlea to move, ensuring proper stimulation of the hair cells in the basilar membrane

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26
Q

What are the semi-circular canals?

A

Part of inner ear, lined with microscopic hairs and filled with fluid

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27
Q

What is the function of the semi-circular canals?

A

Motion sensor, as cilia movements are communicated to brain

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28
Q

What is the ampullary cupula?

A

Structure in the vestibular system, located in the semi-circular canals

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29
Q

What is the function of the ampullary cupula?

A

Provide spacial orientation

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30
Q

What is the eustachian tube?

A

Canal that connects middle ear to upper throat and back of nasal cavity

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31
Q

What is the function of the eustachian tube?

A

Controls middle ear pressure, making it equal to external air pressure

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32
Q

What is the auditory nerve?

A

Bundle of nerve fibres

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33
Q

What is the function of the auditory nerve?

A

Carries impulses between cochlea and brain

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34
Q

What is a bone conduction test?

A

A vibrating sensor is placed behind the ear to test how well sound travels through to ossicle bones

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35
Q

What is a pure tone audiometry test?

A

Where sounds of different volumes and frequencies are played and a button is pressed when they are heard

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36
Q

What are some of the treatments offered for impaired hearing?

A 
Hearing aids 
Cochlea transplant
Lip reading
BSL
Hearing loop system T
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37
Q

What are the three human ‘aids’ to support individuals with impaired hearing?

A

Advocacy
Interpreter
Signers

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38
Q

Where does light enter the eye?

A

Through the pupil

39
Q

What is the function of the iris?

A

regulate the amount of light let into the eye by controlling the size of the pupil

40
Q

What is the sclera?

A

Opaque fibrous, protective outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fibre (white of the eye)

41
Q

What are tear ducts?

A

Small tubes stretching from the eye to the nose that allow tears to drain from eyes

42
Q

What is the function of tears?

A

To keep eyes moist

43
Q

What happens if a tear duct becomes blocked?

A

Tears cannot drain from the eye properly

44
Q

What is the aqueous humor fluid?

A

Thin layer of transparent fluid

45
Q

What is the function of aqueous humor fluid?

A

Nourish cornea+lens and give the eye its shape

46
Q

What is the conjuctiva?

A

Thin, transparent layer of tissue on the inside of the eyelid

47
Q

What is conjunctivitis?

A

Swelling of the conjunctiva

48
Q

What is the cornea?

A

Clear, protective, outer layer of the eye

49
Q

What is the function of the cornea?

A

Barrier against dirt and germs and other damage

50
Q

What is the retina?

A

Light sensitive tissue lining the back of our eye

51
Q

What is the function of the retina?

A

Convert light rays into impulses that travel to our brain along the optic nerve to be interpreted as images

52
Q

What is the macula?

A

Millions of light-sensing cells, located at the back of the eye

53
Q

What is the function of the macula?

A

Provide sharp central vision

54
Q

What is the optic nerve?

A

Nerve located at the back of the eye

55
Q

What is the function of the optic nerve?

A

Transfer visual information from the retina to vision centres in the brain via electrical impulses

56
Q

What is multiple sclerosis?

A

Damage to the myelin sheath surrounding the nerve which affects eyesight

57
Q

What is the function of suspensory ligaments?

A

Connect lens at its periphery to the cillary muscle

58
Q

How is light focused from a distant object?

A

Ciliary muscles relax, increasing tension on the ligaments and flattening the lens

59
Q

How is light focused from a near object?

A

Ciliary muscles contract, decreasing tension on the ligaments, allowing the lens to spring back into its rounded shape

60
Q

What does AMD stand for?

A

Age-related macular degeneration

61
Q

What is AMD?

A

Painless eye condition causing an individual to lose central vision usually in both eyes

62
Q

What is central vision?

A

What is seen when focusing straight ahead

63
Q

How is vision affected in AMD?

A

Vision is blurred meaning, reading is difficult, colours are less vibrant and faces are difficult to recognise

64
Q

What are the two types of AMD?

A

Wet AMD

Dry AMD

65
Q

What is dry AMD?

A

When cells of macula are damaged by a build-up of deposits called drusen
Most common and least serious

66
Q

What is Wet AMD?

A

Cells of the macula are damaged due to a growth of abnormal blood cells
Most serious, symptoms can develop quickly and vision can deteriorate within days

67
Q

What are the different types of eye tests?

A 
Snellen eye test chart 
Visual acuity test
Pupil function test
Visual field test
Amsler grid test
Glaucoma puff test
68
Q

What is the pupil function test?

A

Light shone into the eye from different directions to observe pupil constriction

69
Q

What is the visual field test?

A

Light spot presented in different areas of peripheral vision

70
Q

What is the visual acuity test?

A

Checks how letters and objects can be seen from specific distances, using Snellen eye chart

71
Q

What is the Amsler grid?

A

Square grid with a dot in the centre
Used to test for AMD
Lines should look straight and boxes should be same size

72
Q

What is cataracts?

A

Cloudy patches that develop in the lens of the eye

Cause blurred/misty vision as they stop light from reaching retina

73
Q

What are the symptoms of cataracts?

A

Blurred eyesight
Lights too bright/glaring
Difficult to see in low light
Colours looking faded

74
Q

How is cataracts tested for?

A

Visual acuity test

75
Q

What are the treatments for cataracts?

A

Surgery only permanent effective treatment

Stronger glasses and brighter reading lights may help for a while

76
Q

What is the glaucoma puff test?

A

Small burst of air blown into eye

Air bounced back off the retina into the tonometer gives reading of eye’s IOP

77
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

Build up of pressure within the eyes due to inability of aqueous humour fluid to drain
Damages optic nerve due to fluid pressing down on nerve fibres of the retina

78
Q

What are the contributing factors to glaucoma?

A

Genetics, age and high blood pressure

79
Q

What are the symptoms of glaucoma?

A 
Blurred vision 
Rainbow symbols around lights 
Eye pain
Headaches 
Red eyes
Nausea
80
Q

How is glaucoma detected?

A

During routine eye test

81
Q

How is glaucoma treated?

A

Eye drops to reduce pressure in eyes
Laser treatment to open blocked drainage tubes or reduce fluid production
Surgery to improve fluid drainage

82
Q

What are some examples of visual impairment communication aids?

A 
Large print documents
Voice labelling pen 
Magnified glass area
Braille 
Text phones
Speaking books
83
Q

What is diabetic retinopathy?

A

Vision loss caused by damage to the blood vessels of the retina

84
Q

What are the three stages of diabetic retinopathy?

A

1) Background retinopathy
2) Pre-proliferative retinopathy
3) Proliferative retinopathy

85
Q

Describe background retinopathy

A

Bulges developing in the blood vessels

Don’t affect vision

86
Q

Describe pre-proliferative retinopathy

A

More severe bleeding into the eye, widespread changes

87
Q

Describe proliferative retinopathy

A

Development of scar tissue and new blood vessels which are weak and bleed easily
Causes the vision loss

88
Q

How can the risk of diabetic retinopathy be reduced?

A

Control blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol levels

Attend diabetic eye screening appointments

89
Q

What causes diabetic retinopathy?

A

Persistently high blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels of the retina

90
Q

What are symptoms of diabetic retinopathy?

A 
Worsening vision 
Floating shapes in field of vision
Blurred/patchy vision
Eye pain
Red eyes
91
Q

What are the treatments for diabetic retinopathy?

A 
Laser treatment (treat new blood vessel growth)
Eye injections (treat severe maculopathy affecting sight)
Eye surgery (remove scar tissue)
92
Q

Why is diabetic eye screening offered?

A

Early detection can save lives
No symptoms in early stages of retinopathy
Untreated retinopathy can cause permanent blindness

93
Q

What is diabetic maculopathy?

A

Blood vessels in the macula becoming leaky or blocked

Health And Social Care (7 decks)

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