unit 4 simplified Flashcards
mental health
state of wellbeing =, where an individual realises own abilities and can cope with normal stressors, can work productively and contribute to community ‘
mental wellbeing
multidimensional construct
- function within ourselves, adapt to challenges
- quality of relationships
- relate to/ contribute to broader community
dual continuum
- Subjective sense of mental wellbeing
- Living with mental disorder
components of mental wellbeing
- Emotional = how we feel
- Psychological = perceive/appraise themselves and goals
- Social = sense of belonging to community, meaningful contribution to society
flourishing
optimal wellbeing - feels good and functions effectively
languishing
low levels of positive emotion, low levels of psychological/social functioning
mental disorder
clinically significant condition of mental ill-health - causes distress and impair ability to function effectively
- Severe emotional/behavioural impairment
mental health problem
disruption to usual level of wellbeing
no mental ill health
function effectively/ meet every day demands
resilience
respond adaptively to stressful life events and cope with uncertainty
- Developed through practise and participation in supportive wellbeing activeties
internal support factor
- personal characteristics e.g. coping strategies, biological health
external support factor
social and environmental factors e..g. supportive relationships, health care
internal influence factors
source within ourselves
- Family history, diet, coping/problem solving
external influence factors
sources outside ourselves
- Physical enviro - unsanitary conditions
- Biological enviro - drugs/alcohol
- Social enviro - financial stability, relationships
stress
phychisiological/psychological response to situation that is threatening/challenging exceeding ability to cope
Stress in dual continuum - lower sense of wellbeing- reduce functioning
- put at risk of mental health problem/disorder
anxiety
emotional state when we anticipate threat or danger
- Interacts with stress
phobia
- intense irrational fear of specific object activity or situation
- Sense of anxiety
- Can identify what trigger understand it is irrational
- avoidance= negative reinforcement
GABA Dysfunction
- GABA dysfunction - low levels of GABA - GABA makes nervous system calm as neurone are less likely to fire action potential - inhibitory
LTP
- long lasting strengthening of neural connections at synapses due to repeated stimulation= new memory circuit
- storage in neocortex, emotion in amygdala, explicit in hypocampus
Biological influences
GABBA, LTP
psychological contributing factors
Behavioural models, cognitive bias
behavioural models
- association due to classical conditioning and maintained through operant
- Classical conditioning
- Operant - antecedent= phobic stimulus behaviour = avoidance consequence = no fear
cognitive bias
- systematic errors in judgment
- Memory bias- remember negative threat related info over positive information/ alter memory
- Catastrophic thinking - overestimates potential dangers assuming the worst- predicting the future outcome that may be unrealistic/irrational
social contributing factors
Specific enviro triggers
-traumatic events
-modelling
stigma of treatment
specific enviro triggers
- specific event or factor in environment triggering a fearful response
- traumatic events
- Modelling
stigma of treatment
irrational/unrealistic can make it hard to empathise
- negative stereotype toward phobic person
- phobic person may feel embarrassed
benzodiazepine
- anti-anxiety medication that promotes the role of GABA slowing down the central nervous system
- can have side effects and be addictive
breathing retraining
- identifying incorrect breathing habits and replacing with correct ones
- counteract sympathetic ns response
CBT
- cognitive behaviour strategies to recognise and change negative thinking/behaviour patterns
- cognitve= identify irrational thinking patterns and replace with realistic thoughts
- behaviour= modify iunhelpful behaviours
systematic desensatisation
- counterconditioning used to reduce anxiety when in presence of phobic stimulus
- associate phobic stimulus with reaction response using classical conditioning principles
Learn a relaxation technique - breathing retraining and then create fear hierarchy and then complete on nphobic persons term
psychoeducation
given information t better understand condition and manage it
- Challenging thoughts - supporter help challenge excessive and unreasonable thoughts through asking questions to develop a balance pov
- Social intervention - supporter should not encourage or critises avoidance behaviour but instead provide an alternative
protective factors
decrease likelihood of developing mental health problem/disorder
adequate nutrition
- Affect directly through nutrients that keep body and brain healthy and indirectly through emotional impact of physical condition caused by bad diet
adequate hydration
- Water needed to make neurotransmitters and hormones
- Mild dehydration can affect mood causing irritability
adequate sleep
- Amount of sleep needed to function affectively coping with normal stressors
- Psychological affects of inadequate sleep are ABC’s of sleep deprivation ‘
cognitive behavioural strategies
- Recognise how negative/unproductive thought patters affect emotions
- The way a person thinks determines how they feel
- Education about body reaction to stress
- Teaching relaxation and breathing techniques
mindfulness meditation
- Focus attention on breathing with thoughts feelings and sensations being experienced freely
- Attention- focus on present moment
- Acceptance - observe feelings and sensations without judgment
energising and authentic support
- Energising = enthusiasm and determination to complete task, goal
- authentic= truth and integrity- truly listen and connects
biological treatment
benzo and breathing retraining
psychological treatment
CBT and systematic desensitisation
social treatment
Psychoeducation
biological influence of mental wellbeing
adequate nutrition, water and sleep
psychological influence of mental wellbeing
cognitive behavioural strategies, mindfulness meditation
Support
energising and authentic support
