SAC 1 Flashcards
What are the devisions of the nervous system
The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
What is the purpose of the central nervous system
Communicate and coordinate information to and from the body
What does the somatic nervous system do
Coordinate voluntary movement
What does the autonomic nervous systems
Coordinat involuntary movement
What does the sympathetic nervous system do
Prepares body for action under stress/ threat E.g. Increase l heart/ breathing rate contracts bladder
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do
Calms body down offer stress returns to peace and homeostasis E.g. Stimulate digestion, contract pupils
What is synaptic plasticity
Brains ability to reorganise neural pathways when damaged or adapting
What is long term potentiation
Long lasting strengthening of neural connectionas a a result of repeated stimulation between pre and post synaptic neurons
What is long term depression
The long lasting reduction in strength of neural responses and to persistent weak stimulation
What is sprouting
Growth of additional branches on axons and dendrites
What is rerouting
Undamaged neurons lose connections with
Neighbour neurons and finds new neuron to form a connection with
What is pruning
Removal of under utilized or necessary synapses making brain more efficient learnING and memory
What is the population
The entire group of people that is of interest too researcher from which a sample will be drawn
What is the sample
A group of participants selected to participate in astray from population of research interest
Random sampling
Uses chance to ensure that every member from a population of
Interest has an equal Chance of seines selected to participate in the study
Stratified sampling
Used to ensue that a sample contains the same proportio from each nominated strata that exists in the population
What is a controlled variable
Variable researcher holds constant to prevent it from effecting the dv
What is the ev
Might affect dv
What is a cv
Has affected dv
What is a case study
Detailed investigation of one instance such as a person activity or behaviour
What is a controlled experiment
Experiment manipulation of A variable to determine effect on outcome
What is field work
Observing and interacting with external environment
What is an within subjects method
Each participant is exposed to both the experimental and control conditions
What is a between subjects model
Participate are allocated to different group either the control or experimental group
What is a random error
Unpredictable variation that can happen during measurement
What is a systematic erron
Affect accuracy of a measurement by causing all readings to differ from true value
What is a personal error
Mistakes and miscalculations and observer errors when conducting research
Uncertainly
Lack of knowledge of true value of measurements
What is convenience sampling
Selecting participants readily available to researcher
What is accuracy
How close we are the true value to
When is precision
How close a set of measurements values agree with each otter
What is repeatability
Same conditions of measurement same techniques
What is reproducibility
Different conditions similar results
What is a conscious response
Involves awareness
What is an unconscious response
Does not involve awareness it is involuntary
What is the spiral reflex why does it occur
Sensory neurons transmit message to spinal chord interneurons pass message to motor neurons a motor response follows brain receives message after response occurs faster response to pain and danger
What does the gas model do
Describes biological change the body automatically goes through when responding to stress
What are the stages of the gas model
Alarm, resistance exhaustion
SCARE
What are the features of the alarm stage
① Shock = becomes aware of stress ② county shock adrenaline is released sympathetic is activated
What is the resistance stage
Cortisol is released for functioning above normal mild illness headaches and cold
What is the exhaustion stage
Cortisol crashes major illness’s flu fatigue cardiovascular
What are the strengths of the gas model
Links stress and illness identifies biological processes
What are the limitations of the gas model
Doesn’t account for individual differences, doesn’t consider cognitive factors, only tested on animals
What does the Lazarus and folkman transactional model do
Splits stress into primary and secondary appraisals says stress involves encounter with environment response depends on individual interpretation
What are the steps in primary appraisal
Irrelevant ( neutral stress ) benign positive ( positive)= both don’t cause stress - stressful
What is stop 1 B of primary appraisal
Harm / loss = present, threat = future challenge = non stressful
What are the steps of secondary appraisal
Recourses to cope = not stressful No recourses to cope = stressful
What are the strengths of L and F
Talks about psychological developed and tested on humans incorporates environment person is active in response
What are the weaknesses of L and F
Primary and secondary can happen simultaneously, can’t experiment because it’s to subjective, may not be able to interpret stress correctly
What is an approach strategy
Target stressor directly energy used to confront stressor
What is an avoidance strategy
Target effort/energy away from stressor used when we have little control over stressor
Context specific effectiveness
Coping strategy is a good match for stressor
What is stress
Response experienced when confronted with a threatening or challenging situation exceeelig ability to cope = physiological or psychological
Internal stress
Sleep, anxiety
, self esteem, health / illness
External stress
Homework relationships
What is distress
A negative psychological response to stress indicated by anxiety fear hopelessness
What is eustress
Positive psychological response to stress indicated by excitement enthusiasm optimism
What is acute stress
Immediate response to stressor can be intense but disappear quickly doesn’t cause damage
What is chronic stress
Response to persistent or long term stressor doesn’t appear as intense and is experienced as as continual feeling of unease on hopelessness vulnerable to damage
What is cortisol
A primary stress hormone released into bloodstream for quick transportation short term increase= immediate burst of energy long term increase = supresSed immune system
What is the fight response
Confront threat sympathetic ns is activate to energies
What is the flight response
Flee from danger sympathetic ns is activated to energies
Freeze response
Immobility and shock parasympathetic ns is activated to calm down to hide and be silent
