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psychology 2024 > SAC 1 > Flashcards

SAC 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the devisions of the nervous system

A

The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the central nervous system

A

Communicate and coordinate information to and from the body

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3
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do

A

Coordinate voluntary movement

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4
Q

What does the autonomic nervous systems

A

Coordinat involuntary movement

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5
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do

A

Prepares body for action under stress/ threat E.g. Increase l heart/ breathing rate contracts bladder

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6
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do

A

Calms body down offer stress returns to peace and homeostasis E.g. Stimulate digestion, contract pupils

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7
Q

What is synaptic plasticity

A

Brains ability to reorganise neural pathways when damaged or adapting

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8
Q

What is long term potentiation

A

Long lasting strengthening of neural connectionas a a result of repeated stimulation between pre and post synaptic neurons

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9
Q

What is long term depression

A

The long lasting reduction in strength of neural responses and to persistent weak stimulation

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10
Q

What is sprouting

A

Growth of additional branches on axons and dendrites

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11
Q

What is rerouting

A

Undamaged neurons lose connections with
Neighbour neurons and finds new neuron to form a connection with

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12
Q

What is pruning

A

Removal of under utilized or necessary synapses making brain more efficient learnING and memory

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13
Q

What is the population

A

The entire group of people that is of interest too researcher from which a sample will be drawn

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14
Q

What is the sample

A

A group of participants selected to participate in astray from population of research interest

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15
Q

Random sampling

A

Uses chance to ensure that every member from a population of
Interest has an equal Chance of seines selected to participate in the study

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16
Q

Stratified sampling

A

Used to ensue that a sample contains the same proportio from each nominated strata that exists in the population

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17
Q

What is a controlled variable

A

Variable researcher holds constant to prevent it from effecting the dv

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18
Q

What is the ev

A

Might affect dv

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19
Q

What is a cv

A

Has affected dv

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20
Q

What is a case study

A

Detailed investigation of one instance such as a person activity or behaviour

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21
Q

What is a controlled experiment

A

Experiment manipulation of A variable to determine effect on outcome

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22
Q

What is field work

A

Observing and interacting with external environment

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23
Q

What is an within subjects method

A

Each participant is exposed to both the experimental and control conditions

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24
Q

What is a between subjects model

A

Participate are allocated to different group either the control or experimental group

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25
What is a random error
Unpredictable variation that can happen during measurement
26
What is a systematic erron
Affect accuracy of a measurement by causing all readings to differ from true value
27
What is a personal error
Mistakes and miscalculations and observer errors when conducting research
28
Uncertainly
Lack of knowledge of true value of measurements
29
What is convenience sampling
Selecting participants readily available to researcher
30
What is accuracy
How close we are the true value to
31
When is precision
How close a set of measurements values agree with each otter
32
What is repeatability
Same conditions of measurement same techniques
33
What is reproducibility
Different conditions similar results
34
What is a conscious response
Involves awareness
35
What is an unconscious response
Does not involve awareness it is involuntary
36
What is the spiral reflex why does it occur
Sensory neurons transmit message to spinal chord interneurons pass message to motor neurons a motor response follows brain receives message after response occurs faster response to pain and danger
37
What does the gas model do
Describes biological change the body automatically goes through when responding to stress
38
What are the stages of the gas model
Alarm, resistance exhaustion SCARE
39
What are the features of the alarm stage
① Shock = becomes aware of stress ② county shock adrenaline is released sympathetic is activated
40
What is the resistance stage
Cortisol is released for functioning above normal mild illness headaches and cold
41
What is the exhaustion stage
Cortisol crashes major illness's flu fatigue cardiovascular
42
What are the strengths of the gas model
Links stress and illness identifies biological processes
43
What are the limitations of the gas model
Doesn't account for individual differences, doesn't consider cognitive factors, only tested on animals
44
What does the Lazarus and folkman transactional model do
Splits stress into primary and secondary appraisals says stress involves encounter with environment response depends on individual interpretation
45
What are the steps in primary appraisal
Irrelevant ( neutral stress ) benign positive ( positive)= both don't cause stress - stressful
46
What is stop 1 B of primary appraisal
Harm / loss = present, threat = future challenge = non stressful
47
What are the steps of secondary appraisal
Recourses to cope = not stressful No recourses to cope = stressful
48
What are the strengths of L and F
Talks about psychological developed and tested on humans incorporates environment person is active in response
49
What are the weaknesses of L and F
Primary and secondary can happen simultaneously, can't experiment because it's to subjective, may not be able to interpret stress correctly
50
What is an approach strategy
Target stressor directly energy used to confront stressor
51
What is an avoidance strategy
Target effort/energy away from stressor used when we have little control over stressor
52
Context specific effectiveness
Coping strategy is a good match for stressor
53
What is stress
Response experienced when confronted with a **threatening** or challenging situation **exceeelig ability to cope** = physiological or psychological
54
Internal stress
Sleep, anxiety , self esteem, health / illness
55
External stress
Homework relationships
56
What is distress
A negative psychological response to stress indicated by anxiety fear hopelessness
57
What is eustress
Positive psychological response to stress indicated by excitement enthusiasm optimism
58
What is acute stress
**Immediate response to stressor** can be **intense** but **disappear quickly** doesn't cause damage
59
What is chronic stress
Response to **persistent or long term stressor** doesn't appear as intense and is experienced as as **continual feeling of unease on hopelessness** vulnerable to damage
60
What is cortisol
A **primary stress hormone** released into bloodstream for quick transportation short term increase= immediate burst of energy long term increase = supresSed immune system
61
What is the fight response
Confront threat sympathetic ns is activate to energies
62
What is the flight response
Flee from danger sympathetic ns is activated to energies
63
Freeze response
Immobility and shock parasympathetic ns is activated to calm down to hide and be silent

psychology 2024 (11 decks)

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