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psychology 2024 > SAC 1 > Flashcards

SAC 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the devisions of the nervous system

A

The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the central nervous system

A

Communicate and coordinate information to and from the body

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3
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do

A

Coordinate voluntary movement

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4
Q

What does the autonomic nervous systems

A

Coordinat involuntary movement

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5
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do

A

Prepares body for action under stress/ threat E.g. Increase l heart/ breathing rate contracts bladder

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6
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do

A

Calms body down offer stress returns to peace and homeostasis E.g. Stimulate digestion, contract pupils

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7
Q

What is synaptic plasticity

A

Brains ability to reorganise neural pathways when damaged or adapting

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8
Q

What is long term potentiation

A

Long lasting strengthening of neural connectionas a a result of repeated stimulation between pre and post synaptic neurons

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9
Q

What is long term depression

A

The long lasting reduction in strength of neural responses and to persistent weak stimulation

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10
Q

What is sprouting

A

Growth of additional branches on axons and dendrites

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11
Q

What is rerouting

A

Undamaged neurons lose connections with
Neighbour neurons and finds new neuron to form a connection with

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12
Q

What is pruning

A

Removal of under utilized or necessary synapses making brain more efficient learnING and memory

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13
Q

What is the population

A

The entire group of people that is of interest too researcher from which a sample will be drawn

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14
Q

What is the sample

A

A group of participants selected to participate in astray from population of research interest

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15
Q

Random sampling

A

Uses chance to ensure that every member from a population of
Interest has an equal Chance of seines selected to participate in the study

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16
Q

Stratified sampling

A

Used to ensue that a sample contains the same proportio from each nominated strata that exists in the population

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17
Q

What is a controlled variable

A

Variable researcher holds constant to prevent it from effecting the dv

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18
Q

What is the ev

A

Might affect dv

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19
Q

What is a cv

A

Has affected dv

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20
Q

What is a case study

A

Detailed investigation of one instance such as a person activity or behaviour

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21
Q

What is a controlled experiment

A

Experiment manipulation of A variable to determine effect on outcome

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22
Q

What is field work

A

Observing and interacting with external environment

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23
Q

What is an within subjects method

A

Each participant is exposed to both the experimental and control conditions

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24
Q

What is a between subjects model

A

Participate are allocated to different group either the control or experimental group

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25
Q

What is a random error

A

Unpredictable variation that can happen during measurement

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26
Q

What is a systematic erron

A

Affect accuracy of a measurement by causing all readings to differ from true value

27
Q

What is a personal error

A

Mistakes and miscalculations and observer errors when conducting research

28
Q

Uncertainly

A

Lack of knowledge of true value of measurements

29
Q

What is convenience sampling

A

Selecting participants readily available to researcher

30
Q

What is accuracy

A

How close we are the true value to

31
Q

When is precision

A

How close a set of measurements values agree with each otter

32
Q

What is repeatability

A

Same conditions of measurement same techniques

33
Q

What is reproducibility

A

Different conditions similar results

34
Q

What is a conscious response

A

Involves awareness

35
Q

What is an unconscious response

A

Does not involve awareness it is involuntary

36
Q

What is the spiral reflex why does it occur

A

Sensory neurons transmit message to spinal chord interneurons pass message to motor neurons a motor response follows brain receives message after response occurs faster response to pain and danger

37
Q

What does the gas model do

A

Describes biological change the body automatically goes through when responding to stress

38
Q

What are the stages of the gas model

A

Alarm, resistance exhaustion
SCARE

39
Q

What are the features of the alarm stage

A

① Shock = becomes aware of stress ② county shock adrenaline is released sympathetic is activated

40
Q

What is the resistance stage

A

Cortisol is released for functioning above normal mild illness headaches and cold

41
Q

What is the exhaustion stage

A

Cortisol crashes major illness’s flu fatigue cardiovascular

42
Q

What are the strengths of the gas model

A

Links stress and illness identifies biological processes

43
Q

What are the limitations of the gas model

A

Doesn’t account for individual differences, doesn’t consider cognitive factors, only tested on animals

44
Q

What does the Lazarus and folkman transactional model do

A

Splits stress into primary and secondary appraisals says stress involves encounter with environment response depends on individual interpretation

45
Q

What are the steps in primary appraisal

A

Irrelevant ( neutral stress ) benign positive ( positive)= both don’t cause stress - stressful

46
Q

What is stop 1 B of primary appraisal

A

Harm / loss = present, threat = future challenge = non stressful

47
Q

What are the steps of secondary appraisal

A

Recourses to cope = not stressful No recourses to cope = stressful

48
Q

What are the strengths of L and F

A

Talks about psychological developed and tested on humans incorporates environment person is active in response

49
Q

What are the weaknesses of L and F

A

Primary and secondary can happen simultaneously, can’t experiment because it’s to subjective, may not be able to interpret stress correctly

50
Q

What is an approach strategy

A

Target stressor directly energy used to confront stressor

51
Q

What is an avoidance strategy

A

Target effort/energy away from stressor used when we have little control over stressor

52
Q

Context specific effectiveness

A

Coping strategy is a good match for stressor

53
Q

What is stress

A

Response experienced when confronted with a threatening or challenging situation exceeelig ability to cope = physiological or psychological

54
Q

Internal stress

A

Sleep, anxiety
, self esteem, health / illness

55
Q

External stress

A

Homework relationships

56
Q

What is distress

A

A negative psychological response to stress indicated by anxiety fear hopelessness

57
Q

What is eustress

A

Positive psychological response to stress indicated by excitement enthusiasm optimism

58
Q

What is acute stress

A

Immediate response to stressor can be intense but disappear quickly doesn’t cause damage

59
Q

What is chronic stress

A

Response to persistent or long term stressor doesn’t appear as intense and is experienced as as continual feeling of unease on hopelessness vulnerable to damage

60
Q

What is cortisol

A

A primary stress hormone released into bloodstream for quick transportation short term increase= immediate burst of energy long term increase = supresSed immune system

61
Q

What is the fight response

A

Confront threat sympathetic ns is activate to energies

62
Q

What is the flight response

A

Flee from danger sympathetic ns is activated to energies

63
Q

Freeze response

A

Immobility and shock parasympathetic ns is activated to calm down to hide and be silent

psychology 2024 (11 decks)

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