Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psychology 2024 > exam > Flashcards

exam Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

what is phrenology

A

feild of study where pereonality traits were determined by bumps on the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

brain vs heart

A

argument on whether the brain or heart controlled thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mind body problem

A

argument over whether the mind and body are connected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

split brain study

A

studied the severing of the corpus collosum- found the left side is responsible for speach and abstract thinking ( numbers, language) the right side is responsibe for visual awarnessspatial awareness imagination and emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the nature vs nuture debate

A

the debate regarding the extent to wich hereditary factors and environmental factors influneces development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is emotional development

A

life long development of skills allowing contol of expressions and recognition of emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is attachment

A

the close emotional bond between and infant and their mother or primary caregiver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the strange situation test

A

and 8 stage experiment used to measure the quality of an infants attachment to its caregiver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what was harlows experiment

A

harlow went about finding whether food or contact comfort is more important in the attachment of rhesus monkeys to their caregiver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is cognitive development

A

the growth and maturation of out thinking process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is cognition

A

our ability to think organize and understand information from our environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what was piaget exploring

A

how our thinking processes change and mature overtime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the four stages of development

A

sensorimotor- object permanence and goal directed behaviour
preoperational- centration, egocentrism, animism, symbolic thinking
concrete operational- conservation, classification, reversibility of thought
formal operational- abstract thinking, hypothetical deductive reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a schema

A

representations in our mind of perceptions, ideas and actions that go together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is accomodation

A

restructuring our schemas to fit new info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is assimilation

A

incorporating new info into existing schema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a sensitive period

A

a time when we are most open to learning a new skill. these periods are longer and we can aquire the skill later on in life if we dont learn it at the time however it is harder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

critical period

A

narrow periofs in our development where we must learn skills and functions. if they are not aquired we will not learn them later in life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is ablation

A

disabling distroying or removing brain tissue to observe behavoural changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the different types of neuro imaging

A

structural- produce image or scan showing brain structure
functional- veiws of brain function showing the brain at work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the brain structures

A

hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the parts of the forebrain

A

cerebrum- responsible for consious actions
thalamus- relay sensory information and motor signals to cerebral cortex
hypothalamus- homestatis and conducting the endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the parts of the hind brain

A

cerebellum- voluntary movement
medulla- vital functions e.g. heart beat, lungs
pons- regulates sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the parts of the midbrain

A

reticular formation- screen incoming information to stop the brain from becoming overloaded helps to alert the higher brain of important information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the areas of the brain (lobes)

A

frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

frontal lobe structures

A

prefrontal cortex- cognitive functions (personality, intelligence), executive functions (descision making, planning)
primary motor cortex- voluntary movement
broccas area- movement of mouth for speach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

temporal lobe structures

A

wernickes area- comprehension of language
primary auditory cortex- process auditory information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

parietal lobe structures

A

somatosensory cortex- process sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

occipital lobe

A

process visual information

30
Q

what is social cognition

A

the way we judge our behaviour and others in a social setting- understanding others cognitive and emotinal states through facal expressions and emotional responses

31
Q

what is a person perception

A

process of making judgments about individuals based on theri apparent characteristics

32
Q

what do we use when making a person perception

A

physical cues- appearence, facial expressions
sailency detection- the standing out of unqe characteristcs that capture our attention
social categorisaton- a persons perceived social category e.g. sex, race age

33
Q

what is a cognitive bias

A

systematic errors in descision making that occurr when we attempt to simplify information

34
Q

what is a sterotype

A

a collection of beliefs about people who belong to a certain group regardless of the individual dofferences

35
Q

what is prejudice

A

holding a negative attitude towards members f a group based soley off their membership of said group

36
Q

what is an attitude

A

ideas and judgments we hold about ourselves others and experiences

37
Q

what is the tricompenent model

A

the tricomponent model is a way of explaining how our attitudes form: it is made up of three components behaviour, cogintive and affective

38
Q

what are limitations of the tri

A

some limitations are that it does does sow the strength of an attitude and it is said that all three components need to align to form an attitude

39
Q

what is cognitive dissonacne

A

the psychological discomoft we feel when the components of the model dont align leading us to changes some of the components to align

40
Q

what is an ingroup and what is an out group

A

in group- any group an individual belongs to or identifies with
out-group - any group and individual does not belong to or identify with

41
Q

what are some ways to reduce prejudice in groups

A

intergorup contact- spending time together hep recognise shared values
sustained contact- spending long periods of time together cooperating to acheive a goal
super oordinate goal- shared goals that can only be acheived with each other
mutual interdeendancce- group has to rely on each other to acheive their own goals
equality of status- members of a group work together where everyone has equal status
change social norms- reduce harmful negative standards in our society

42
Q

what is depth perception

A

the ability to see 3d soace and judge distance using environmental cues

43
Q

what are depth cues- biological factors of depth perception

A

variety of internal and external stimuli or processes that inform us of an objects depth or distance

44
Q

what are the binocular and monocular depth cues

A

binocluar- retinal disparity- fuses images from both eyes together any differences provide information on depth
convergence- eye move inwards as an object gets closer to us to maintain focus
monocular depth cues- accomodation- when the eye lens changesshape depening on disatnce- when close lens is rounded when further away lens flattens

45
Q

what is a pictorial cue

A

monocular cues that reate the impression of depth and distance on a flat 2d surface (linear perspective, interpositional overlap, texture gradient, relaive size, height in the visual feild)

46
Q

what are visual perception princples-psychological factors of depth perception

A

rules the brain applies to organise and interpert visual stimul meaningfully

47
Q

what are gestalt principles

A

rules used to organse and seperate elements into a meanigful pattern (figure-ground, closure, similarity, proximity)

48
Q

what are visual constancies

A

ability to veiw objects as unchanging in terms of size, shape, brightness and orientation even when what we see dfferes

49
Q

other psychological and social factors of visual perception

A

psych context, motivation, past expirence and memory
social- culture- the way we writes our language

50
Q

what is attention

A

our ability to focus awarness on stimuli it can be volutary or involuntary

51
Q

what are the types of attention

A

sustained attention, divided attention, selective attention

52
Q

what is gustatory or taste perception

A

the sensory expirence of putting food in our mouth and percepiving it as flavour

53
Q

what are gustatory recptors

A

proteins on our taste buds that detect chemicals in food transduce them and send them to the brain for interpretation

54
Q

what are the biological factors of gustatory perception

A

genes- the amount of taste buds we have
age- the loss of taste buds as we age

55
Q

what are the psychological facyors of taste

A

memory, past expirence, packaging (colour texture weight), appearance (if colour doesnt match expectations we may perceive flavour differently)

56
Q

social factors of taste

A

culture- different cultures eat different foods, values and beleifs attached to foods

57
Q

what is perception

A

the process of selecting organising and interperating sensory information, it is different for everyone

58
Q

what is a supertatser

A

a supertaster is someone born with more taste buds and taste receptors making them more sensitive to foods and flavours

59
Q

what is miraculin

A

a substance that distorts taste perception found in a miracle berry that turns sour food to sweet

60
Q

explain the miraculin process

A

invested and binds to sweet receptors- acidic food triggers a cellular response activating sweet recptors- neural impulses are sent to brain and the flavour is interperated as sweet

61
Q

what is spatial neglect

A

the failure to pay attention to recognise or respond to one side of the body or visual field. it is usually cause by damage to the right parietal lobe

62
Q

what is syneathesia

A

a neurological conditon where info from one sense is involuntary expirenced by other senses. it is genetic and a result of failure to prune excess neurons

63
Q

what is a cv

A

afets both variables

64
Q

what is an ev

A

a variable not being investigated that can affect the outcome

65
Q

what is a controlled expirment

A

the manipulation of a variable to determine the affect it has

66
Q

what is a between subjects design

A

participants are allocated to different groups

67
Q

what is a within subjects design

A

participants are exposed to both the control and changed variable

68
Q

what is internal and external validity

A

internal- the expirment investigates what it should does not deviate from the truth
external- results can be applied to similar individuals in a different setting

69
Q

what are the types of sampling

A

conveinience, random (not always good as it may not represent everyone), stratified (same proportion of people from each status

70
Q

what is cte

A

a degenerative brain disease that is progressive and caused by multiple injuries/concussions to the head. symptoms get worse with time. cause when by atrophy. can be seen through higher levels of tau. only diagnosable after death

71
Q

what are the different biases

A

anchoring, confirmation, false consensus, functional fixedness, halo effect, hindsight, missinformation affect, selfserving bias, attentional bias, optimism bias, dunning kruger affect

psychology 2024 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions