Unit 4 Review Flashcards
John A Macdonald
- Canadas first PM
1867 - John A. Macdonald, a conservative, became canada’s first PM when the Dominion of canada was created
- primary goal- expand Canada by adding land and new provinces
How did Manitoba become a province
Manitoba became Canada’s 5th Province after the events of the Red River Rebellion
Events of the Red River Rebellion
- 1867 - John A. Macdonald, a conservative, became canada’s first PM when the Dominion of canada was created
- Macdonald’s primary goal was to expand Canada by adding land and new provinces
- Due to the purchase of Alaska - BC was in between the US territory and was in jeopardy of being claimed by the USA.
Canada then purchased Rupertsland from the Hudson’s Bay Co. on December 1st, 1869 at a cost of 16 million. It became our first territory - the Northwest Territory.
The first capital city was Battleford.
The Red River Settlement
As more settlers came to Canada, the settlement boundaries were pushed further and further west. Now that the Northwest Territory was now part of Canada, settlers were encouraged to move there
The Canadian Govt sent surveyors to the Red River area (Winnipeg) to prepare the land for new settlers. The Metis of the area were afraid of losing their land and their lifestyle.
The Metis people of the Red River area asked Louis Riel, an educated Metis, to represent them. He formed the National Committee of the Metis
In December, 1869 Riel and the Metis stopped the surveyors from entering the area.
The Metis then stopped the new governor of the colony, William McDougall from entering the settlement.
The Metis then took over Fort Garry, the main Hudson Bay fort and established a provisional government.
The Metis Bill of Rights was erected and a copy was sent to Ottawa.The Canadian Party- an English protestant political party based in Ontario that resisted the Metis demands.
Thomas scott, a member of the Canadian Party was arrested in Red River by the Metis for leading an resistance against Riel’s provisional govt.
Scott was considered a “troublemaker” by the Metis and executed in 1870.
Scott’s execution sent shock waves across Canada and divided East Canada.
Ontario- considered Scott a hero and wart Metis punished - Quebec - felt the Metis were heros fur resisting.
Macdonald had no way to get troops quickly to Red River because the railway didn’t extend far, so he negotiated with the Metis, creating the Manitoba Act of 1870.
Manitoba became Canada’s 5th Province
All Metis demands were met
The Canadian Party
an English protestant political party based in Ontario that resisted the Metis demands.
who is Thomas Scott
Thomas scott, a member of the Canadian Party was arrested in Red River by the Metis for leading an resistance against Riel’s provisional govt.
Scott was considered a “troublemaker” by the Metis and executed in 1870.
what were the results of Scotts execution
Scott’s execution sent shock waves across Canada and divided East Canada.
- Ontario- considered Scott a hero and wart Metis punished
- Quebec - felt the Metis were heros fur resisting
why did Macdonald negotiate with the Metis? What happened after?
Macdonald had no way to get troops quickly to Red River because the railway didn’t extend far, so he negotiated with the Metis, creating the Manitoba Act of 1870.
Manitoba became Canada’s 5th Province
All Metis demands were met
Metis concerns
Metis Bill of Rights (what were their demands) (5)
- The right to enter war confederation as a province
- The right to send reps to ottawa - MP’s
- The right to have control over local affairs
- English and French to be considered official languages
- The right for the Metis to keep their customs and way of life
Riels Provisional government
When the Metis took over fort Garry they established a provisional govt
the metis bill of rights was erected and sent to ottawa
The Red River settlement (7)
British Columbia - The story and main reason they joined confederation (6)
*B.C. was considering joining the United States for several reasons
→ Closer to USA than canada
Mainland Us to south and Alaska to the North
→ Transportation, communication and trade links already existed a the USA
British Columbia decided they would join Canada if they were given a responsible government and a wagon road across the prairies and through the mountains to link it to the rest of Canada.
- MacDonald does one better - he promised British Columbia an intercontinental railway that would link BC with the rest of Canada if they joined. Canada. (would be started within 2 years, built within 10)
- On July 20, 1871 BC became Canada’s sixth province
Prince Edward Island - Main reasons they joined confederation
(6)
*PEl was financially in debt because they had attempted to build their own railway
* Macdonald offered PEl the following:
- a grant (money) to buy out the absentee land lords
- Ottawa would take over, complete and maintain PEl’s railway system
- He guaranteed a telegraph (communication) and ferry system (transportation) between the island and mainland Canada.
On July 1, 1873, PEl became Canada’s 7th Province
Alexander Mackenzie - The second Prime Minister. What scandal put Mackenzie into office
(3)
- Macdonald won the 1872 election, but the opposition Liberals accused Macdonald of accepting a payoff from the railway company.
*It became known as the Pacific Scandal and Macdonald resigned
- The Liberals led by Alexander Mackenzie formed the next government
Mackenzie’s election reforms (3)
- secret ballots
- all voting across canada must take place on the same day
- records must be kept of campaign donations
The National Policy
Macdonald’s attempt to improve the economy of Canada had three parts
a. Settle Western Canada
b. Build a Railway
c. Improve industry through protective tariffs
The National Policy: Settle Western Canada (4)
- The Canadian West had to be expanded and settled.
- Canada needed immigration of new people, but the First Nations people had to be “controlled” and settled so they would not cause the new settlers any problems.
- Canada had to develop new products to export. Also more farmers were needed and new strains of wheat had to be developed that could withstand the prairie weather.
- By settling the West, it would prevent the American expansion into it.
The National Policy: Build a Railway (2)
- A railway had to be built from coast to coast
- This would link the expanded Canada and allow for trade and transportation.
The National Policy: Improve industry through protective tariffs (3)
- Canadian industry had to be expanded and protected.
Macdonald created protective tariffs - foreign products coming into Canada would be taxed.
- This would encourage Canadians to buy Canadian products. The West and Atlantic regions would supply the resources to make this happen.
- Americans were encouraged to start “Branch Plants” in Canada. These were run in Canada using Canadian resources labour, but adding American “know-how” and expertise.