Unit 3 Review Flashcards
The Great Migration: Why did people from Ireland leave the British Isles
the potato famine caused starvation and deaths. As a result, many Irish immigrants came to Canada looking for farm land and an end to starvation.
The Great Migration: Why did people from Scotland leave the British Isles
The country was full of tenant farmers who farmed the noble’s land. Then sheep farming became more profitable and the tenant farmers were kicked off their leased land.
The Scottish immigrants were looking for new farmland, and Canada was crying out for settlers
The Great Migration: Why did people from England leave the British Isles
Due to the Industrial Revolution and the rise of factories and machines, the individual craftsman and laborers lost their jobs Canada seemed like the land of opportunity
Rebellion in Upper Canada: Leader
William Lyon Mackenzie
Rebellion in Lower Canada: Leader
Louis Joseph Papineau
Main reasons for the rebellion in Upper Canada (3)
Church Reserves - 3 million acres of land in upper canada given to the Anglican Church. Most of the land was left in its natural state while immigrant farmers were left with poor quality land
Demanded responsible government
Campaigned against the ruling elites
and their unfair control of upper canada
Main reasons for the rebellion in Lower Canada
Produced a document called “the 92 Resolutions”
- an elected assembly
- wanted the Governor to choose his cabinet from the elected Assembly.
The situation in lower canada was poor: crops had failed, immigrants were flooding into the colony, a cholera epidemic
Finally after 3 years Britain responded to the 92 Resolutions-rejecting every major proposal.
The result was war
Events of the rebellion in upper canada
Mackenzie along with 600 armed (pitchforks, rifles, cubs) supporters marched on Yonge street in Toronto demanding a responsible government.
The Standing amy had been dispatched to Montreal to deal with the Lower Canada rebellion
The local sheriff, along with a group of volunteers fired one volley upon the demonstrators. Mackenzies men as well as the sheriff’s men all fled in confusion.
2 days later, Bond Head (Lieutenant -Governor) led an army (1000 men) to Montgomery’s Tavern - Mackenzies Headquarters
In 30 minutes the rebels were beaten and the tavern burnt
Mackenzie fled to the Us.
events of the rebellion in lower canada
Battle of St. Denis - The British troops came to arrest Papineau, but he had escaped to the USA. Later the patriotes killed 6 soldiers in an ambush. Two days later the British attacked and killed 60 patriotes.
Battle of Eustache- near Montreal 1400 British Redcoats and volunteers fought the patriotes back into the village church
As the men tried to escape the flames they were shot.
Papineau stayed in the USA and refused to return and continued to fight
In six battles over two years 27 soldiers died and nearly 300 French Canadian Patriotes had died before the rebellion was over.
results of the rebellions
they both failed
Durham report: How did he attempt to assimilate the French?
Durham planned to assimilate the French, not by force, but by rigging the system so over time they would just become English.
Effects of Lord Durhams recommendations
Durham said the French Canadians were a people with no history or literature. Many in lower Canada were insulted and there was an explosion of French Canadian novelists, poets, artists and historians to prove him wrong
Act of Union
Upper and Lower canada would be united under a single government
The assembly would have an equal number of seats. This was unfair to
Lower Canada whose population was vastly higher than upper canada.
They were named canada East and Canada west
English was the only official language
The Act of Union backfired - because it drew together the like minded reformers (protesters or rebels) in English and French Canada.
What is a double majority? Why is it a problem for Canada?
In order to pass any major issues, Canada East and Canada West had to agree. This was called Double Majority
The French and English were on opposite sides en virtually even issue, When a legislative vote tied, political deadlock occurred. The current govt had to be dissolved and a new govt had to be elected. Political deadlock happened 15 times in 15 years - essentially no decisions were made and the colony was unable to make any advancement.
Forces which led to Canada becoming a country:
American Civil War
THE SLAVE OWNING SOUTHERN STATES WANTED TO SEPARATE FROM THE FREE NORTHERN STATES.
A Neutral Britain appeared to support the South because the South purchased several naval cruisers from the British.
