unit 4 - Respiratory System

Question 1

What does the respiratory system do?

Answer 1

Takes in air contains oxygen and enables carbon dioxide to be removed from the body.

Question 2

How is air moved in and out of the lungs?

Answer 2

The brain sends nerve messages to the external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm to trigger inhalation and nerve message stops for expiration.

Question 3

What do the ribs do when breathing in?

Answer 3

The diaphragm contracts and moves downwards to increase the space in chest cavity.
The muscles between the ribs contract which pulls rib cage upwards and outward.
This therefore enlarges the chest cavity allowing lungs to expand.

Question 4

What are the two types of intercostal muscles?

Answer 4

Internal and external intercostal muscles.

Question 5

What did the intercostal muscles do when we breath in?

Answer 5

The external intercostal muscles assist the lungs by raising the ribs and expanding the chest cavity.

Question 6

What are the external intercostal muscles?

Answer 6

Small muscles that are located in between each rib.

Question 7

What does the diaphragm do when breathing in?

Answer 7

Contracts and moves downwards.

Question 8

What is the role of the alveoli?

Answer 8

The site of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal.

Question 9

What is the role of the epiglottis?

Answer 9

Closes when we swallow to prevent food particles entering the trachea.

Question 10

What is the role of the trachea?

Answer 10

Classed as the wind pipe where its opening is protected from food particles by a flap called the epiglottis.

Question 11

What is the role of the larynx?

Answer 11

It’s at the top of the trachea and contains the vocal cords. It connects the back of the nose and the trachea, forming an air passage to the lungs.

Question 12

What is mucus?

Answer 12

A sticky fluid that traps dirt particles and bacteria.

Question 13

What’s cilia?

Answer 13

Microscopic hairs that move back and forwards which move mucus back up the throat where we swallow them.

Question 14

What does your diaphram do when breathing out?

Answer 14

Relaxes and moves upwards to reduce the space in chest cavity. Therefore decreases the size of chest to push air out of the lungs.

Question 15

What do the intercostal muscles do when breathing out?

Answer 15

Relax so the ribs move inwards and downwards under their own weight. Decreases size of chest so air is forced out of lungs.

Question 16

What makes the alveoli efficient?

Answer 16

Large surface area
Thins walls- one cell think to allow for diffusion to capillaries.
Inner surfaces coated with water to allow oxygen to dissolve.

Question 17

What is the equation for respiration?

Answer 17

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

Question 18

What is the purpose of respiration?

Answer 18

To convert glucose into ATP.

Question 19

What is ATP?

Answer 19

A chemical which is a useable form of energy. It is formed from the molecule called ADP.
ATP is quickly bonded so easily broken down so enables the release of energy quickly.

Question 20

What is stage 1 of respiration?

Answer 20

This is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid. It occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. Pyruvic acid is then transported into the mitochondria.

Question 21

What’s stage 2 of respiration?

Answer 21

The citric acid cycle. This is where ATP is generated and takes place in mitochondria.

Question 22

What’s stage 3 of respiration?

Answer 22

Takes place in the wall of the mitochondria and requires oxygen. It’s called the electron transport chain and causes aerobic respiration. produces more ATP as well as carbon dioxide as a waste product.