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Health And Social Care > unit 4 - Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

unit 4 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are Erythrocytes?

A

Mostly red blood cells.
Carry oxygen and some carbon dioxide.
Have no nucleus to increase space for haemoglobin.

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2
Q

What are Leucocytes?

A

White blood cells which destroy bacteria. Consists of many types. Part of the immune system.

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3
Q

What are Neutrophils?

A

A type of leucocyte
B-type cells that produce antibodies.

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4
Q

What are Lymphocytes?

A

A type of leucocyte
T-type cells which destroy viruses and cancer cells.

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5
Q

What are Monocytes?

A

A type of leucocyte.
Removes dead cells and bacteria

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6
Q

What are Platelets?

A

A component in the blood that triggers blood clotting

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7
Q

How does blood clotting happen?

A

Platelets activate a chain reaction when damaged skin is exposed to the air. Coagulation then converts the soluble blood protein ( fibrinogen) into a soluble form (fibrin) which form a net like structure. This traps both the platelets and erythrocytes to form a clot.

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8
Q

What are Arteries/

A

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. Walls are very thick and blood travels under high pressure. Can branch into smaller arteries called arterioles.

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9
Q

What are Veins?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart under low pressure. Due to this they have valves to prevent back flow. Thin walls.

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10
Q

What are the functions of the blood?

A

Transport, temperature regulation, exchange of materials, preventing infection and blood clotting

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11
Q

What is our bodies optimum temperature?

A

37 degrees

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12
Q

How does our body fight infection?

A

Leukocytes begin the immune response.
When fighting bacteria lymphocytes and neutrophils recognise the threats and form antibodies. The monocytes then kill them break them down.
Viruses hijack cells to survive so lymphocytes recognise this and latch onto the cell to destroy it.

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13
Q

When ventricles contract it is called what?

A

Systole

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14
Q

What is diastole?

A

When the ventricles are relaxed and the atria is filling.

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15
Q

What is the electrical control of the heart?

A

The first impulse is at SA node which passes an electrical current through the atria making it contract. The impulse then travels to AV node that separates the two ventricles that allows current through.

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16
Q

What is the Lymphatic system?

A

A network of tissues and organs that help get rid of toxins, waste and other unwanted materials in the body.

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17
Q

What is lymph?

A

A colourless liquid that contains white blood cells whose purpose is to fight infection.

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18
Q

What are the Lymph nodes?

A

Store and develop lymphocytes that break down bacteria, viruses, damaged cells and cancer cells.

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19
Q

What is Systolic?

A

Occurs when blood vessels contract.

20
Q

What is Diastolic?

A

Pressure in blood vessels when heart rests between beats.

21
Q

What is an ECG?

A

A test that checks the rhythm and electrical impulses of the heart. It can also show coronary heart disease as rhythm will be affected by the blockage.

22
Q

What is an Angiogram?

A

A dye is injected into the bloodstream. This will then show up on an x-ray highlighting its flow. Narrowing of arteries can then be shown.

23
Q

What is a Coronary bypass?

A

A piece of artery can be used to build a new route around a blocked piece of coronary artery.

24
Q

What is an Angioplasty?

A

A microscopic deflated balloon is passed into a narrowed artery and inflated. A stent can then be inserted to help keep artery open.

25
Q

What does blood transport?

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide via haemoglobin.

26
Q

What is the P wave for the heart beat of a heart?

A

Atria contracting

27
Q

What is the QRS wave of the heart rate for a heart?

A

Ventricles contracting

28
Q

What is the T wave on a heart rate for a heart?

A

Ventricles relaxing

29
Q

What is hypertension?

A

high blood pressure

30
Q

What are the medications for cardiovascular malfunctions?

A

Aspirin
Nitrates
Beta blockers
Statins

31
Q

What is aspirin?

A

Thins the blood so it can travel around the blood easier

32
Q

What are nitrates?

A

They treat an angina attach by relaxing and widening the blood vessels

33
Q

What are beta blockers?

A

They slow the heart beat and reduce force, preventing angina attacks

34
Q

What are statins?

A

They are taken to reduce high cholesterol. Slow down livers production of cholesterol in the body.

35
Q

What lifestyle changes can increase your heart health?

A

Losing weight to reduce BMI
Healthy diet
HDL rich foods
Exercise

36
Q

What do red-blood cells contain?

A

haemoglobin

37
Q

What does haemoglobin turn into when reacts with oxygen?

A

oxyhaemoglobin

38
Q

How have erythrocytes adapted for effective function?

A

They have no nucleus to allow for maximum amount of haemoglobin.
They also have a disc shape to help with the exchange of oxygen.

39
Q

What does the right side of the heart receive?

A

Blood returning from the tissues and sends it to the lungs to drop off carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen.

40
Q

What does the left side of the heart receive?

A

Oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it off round the body to the tissues.

41
Q

What is the tricuspid valve?

A

The valve on the right side of the heart that allows de-oxygenated blood to go from the atria to the ventricle, allowing it to only move down not up.

42
Q

What is the bicuspid/mitral valve?

A

The valve on the left side of the heart that allows oxygenated blood to go from the atria to the ventricle, allowing it go do down not up.

43
Q

What does the pulmonary vein do?

A

Returns blood to the left atrium from the lungs. This blood is therefore oxygenated.

44
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Takes blood from the left ventricle to around the body.

45
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do?

A

Takes de-oxygenated blood to the lungs.

46
Q

What does the vena cava do?

A

There are two types of vena cava:
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava

They bring back de-oxygenated blood from the tissues into the heart.

47
Q

What do the purkyne fibres do in the cardiac cycle?

A

They carry the current down the middle of the ventricles to the base of the heart. Allows bottom of the heart to contract first so forces blood out into arteries

Health And Social Care (3 decks)

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