unit 4- Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
How do we move?
Our skeleton provides a frame for muscles to attach to.
Muscles contract and relax to allow the joints to open and close which creates the movement.
What’s a joint?
Where 2 or more bones meet.
What’s a fixed joint?
Where bones meet but there’s no movement as they are fused together.
What’s freely moving joints?
They are able to move and are most of the joints within our body.
They are surrounded by a fluid called synovial fluid.
What’s a hinge joint?
Allows for movement in one direction. They allow election and extension.
Where are hinge joints found?
Elbows and knees
What’s a ball and socket joint?
Allows for movement in almost every direction.
Where are ball and jockey joints found?
At shoulders and hips.
What’s a pivot joint?
Allows for rotational movement such as moving head to say “no”
Where’s pivot joints found?
Neck
What’s a condyloid joint?
Allows you to flex and extent and move side to side.
Where can a condyloid joint be found?
Fingers and toes.
What are the types of joints?
Hinge
Ball and socket
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Plane (gliding)
Where does a saddle joint form?
Between bones that have articulating surfaces that have both concave and convex regions.
Where can a saddle joint be found?
Base of fingers.
What are the types of movement?
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
What is flexion?
Bending
When can flexion occur?
Bicep curl
What is extension?
Straightening joint
What is abduction?
Movement towards midline of body.
What’s an example of extension?
Elbow when doing shotput.
What’s an example of abduction?
Star jump movement outwards
What is adduction?
Movement towards midline of body.
What’s an example of adduction?
Inward movement of starjump.
What’s rotation?
Limb moves in a circular movement.
What’s an example of rotation?
Hip rotation when playing golf.
What are ligaments?
Strong cords that join bone to bone
What’s Cartilage?
Prevents friction and is a shock absorber.
Where are cartilage found?
At the end of bones.
What is a tendon?
They are made of strong connective tissues and allows movement to occur.
Where can a tendon be found?
Attach muscle to bone
What is synovial fluid?
Synovial joints have this fluid to lubricate the joint so that it moves freely.
Where is synovial fluid made?
Synovial membrane
What is the joint capsule?
A tough outer layer that helps to hold bones in position
Describe the muscle action around a joint?
What are the two types of arthritis?
Rheumatoid and osteoarthritis
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
An autoimmune disease that attacks the cells that line the joints by mistake.
Where does rheumatoid arthritis usually effect in the human body?
hands
feet
wrists
What are some of the treatments for Rheumatoid arthritis?
Medicine to relieve the pain.
Supportive treatments such as physiotherapy.
Surgery
What are the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?
pain
stiffness
swelling
redness
What are the intellectual effects of rheumatoid arthritis?
Have trouble with memory, attention and mental focus.
what are the emotional effects of rheumatoid arthritis?
High risk of depression and anxiety.
What are the social effects of rheumatoid arthritis?
can sometimes put strain on social relationships.
How do you monitor rheumatoid arthritis?
Regular visits to the doctor where they will do blood tests and x-rays.
What factors can an individual do to decrease their chance of developing rheumatoid arthritis?
Quitting smoking
Losing weight
Exercise
Good sleep
What type of arthritis is more common in the UK?
Osteoarthritis
What does Osteoarthritis effect?
The smooth cartilage as it erodes it, allowing the bones to make contact. Therefore they rub against each other.
What are the symptoms of Osteoarthritis?
Joint pain and stiffness
What are the effects of Osteoarthritis?
Many people also experience fatigue, poor sleep, anxiety, depression and social isolation.
Where in the human body does osteoarthritis usually effect?
Hips
hands
spine
knees
What are the treatments of Osteoarthritis?
Regular exercise and healthy eating.
Painkillers
Physiotherapist
Surgery
What is Osteoporosis?
The natural thinning of bones as we age older.
What is Osteoporosis linked to?
Falling levels of oestrogen, associated with the post-menopause in women.
Men with low levels of testosterone can also get the condition.
What are the symptoms of Osteoporosis?
Back pain
Loss of height over time
Stooped posture
Bones that break easier than expected.
What are some of the treatments for Osteoporosis?
This involves treating and preventing fractures by using medicines to strengthen the bones within our body.
How would you be diagnosed with Osteoporosis?
Via a bone density scan
