Unit 4; Problem Solving & Intelligence Flashcards
What is the definition of intelligence (as used in this course)
The ability to perform cognitive tasks + learn from experience + adapt+ reason well + remember important info + cope with demands of daily living
What is Robert Sternberg’s definition of intelligence
The cognitive ability to:
learn from experience
reason well
remember important information
cope with demands of daily living
What are the two types of reasoning
Deductive and inductive
Facts to general theory is what type of reasoning
Inductive
interpret data
General theory to facts / specific conclusions is what type of reasoning
Deductive
- down
generate hypothesis
What is functional fixedness
Our difficulty seeing alternative used for common objects
What is reliability
Produces the same result if one person takes it multiple times
think clustered group on target
What is validity
Actually measures what it’s supposed to be measuring
think center of target
What is the Flynn (IQ) Effect
Raw IQ scores have been rising since 1932
What is a schema
A mental framework for interpreting the world around us
What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation in terms of schemas
Assimilation: info is compatible with the schema so it’s added
ex. adding a new breed of dog since it matches dog schema
Accommodation: info incompatible with schema = make a new group for it
What are Piaget’s 4 stages of development and what ages are they related to
- Sensorimotor (0-2 yrs)
- Preoperational (2-7 yrs)
- Concrete operational (7-12 yrs)
- Formal operational (12+ yrs)
What skill(s) must be developed to move on from the sensorimotor stage
Object permanence
What skill(s) must be developed to move on from the preoperational stage
Egocentrism
Seriation
Reversible relationships
Conservation
What skill(s) must be developed to move on from the concrete operational stage
Abstract thinking
Logical reasoning
What skill(s) do only children in the formal operational stage possess
The ability to hypothesize and theorize
What is decalage (think P)
Developing skills at different speeds (within the same individual)
What is confirmation bias
We seek information that supports our hypothesis
What is the availability heuristic
Making decisions based on the info most quickly available
Frequencies and new events
What is the representativeness heuristic
We assume what we see represents a larger category that we have in our minds
Probability and whole lives
What is bounded rationality
Cognitive limitations prevent humans from being fully rational
What is framing
The way you present (frame) information affects your perception
What is analytic intelligence
Intelligence as used to analyze, evaluate, judge, and compare/contrast
aka academic problem solving + computation
What is creative intelligence
Making new things; storytelling, innovation, art
