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AP Human Geography > Unit 4, Part 2 Vocabulary Selection > Flashcards

Unit 4, Part 2 Vocabulary Selection Flashcards

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1
Q

Anocracy

A

A country that is not fully democratic or fully autocratic but rather displays a mix of the two types.

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2
Q

Autocracy

A

A country that is run according to the interests of the ruler rather than the people.

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3
Q

Balance of power

A

A condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries.

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4
Q

Boundary

A

An invisible line that marks the extent of a state’s territory.

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5
Q

City-state

A

A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediately surrounding countryside.

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6
Q

Colonialism

A

An attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.

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7
Q

Colony

A

A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent.

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8
Q

Compact state

A

A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly.

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9
Q

Delineation

A

When we actually draw the lines on a map.

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10
Q

Demarcation

A

When we go out into the landscape and show where the boundary is.

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11
Q

Delimitation

A

The translation of the written terms of a boundary treaty (the definition) into an official cartographic representation.

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12
Q

Democracy

A

A country in which citizens elect leaders and can run for office.

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13
Q

Elongated state

A

A state with a long, narrow shape.

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14
Q

Federal state

A

An internal organization of a state that allocates strong power to units of local government.

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15
Q

Fragmented state

A

A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory.

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16
Q

Frontier

A

A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control.

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17
Q

Gerrymandering

A

The process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.

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18
Q

Landlocked state

A

A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea.

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19
Q

Microstate

A

A state that encompasses a very small land area.

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20
Q

Multiethnic state

A

A state that contains more than one ethnicity.

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21
Q

Multinational state

A

A state that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities.

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22
Q

Nation-state

A

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity.

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23
Q

Perforated state

A

A state that completely surrounds another one.

24
Q

Prorupted state

A

An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension.

25
Q

Self-determination

A

The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves.

26
Q

Sovereignty

A

Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.

27
Q

State

A

An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs.

28
Q

Terrorism

A

The systematic use of violence by a group calculated to create an atmosphere of fear and alarm among a population or to coerce a government into actions it would not otherwise undertake or refrain from actions it wants to take.

29
Q

Unitary state

A

An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials.

30
Q

Autonomous or semi-autonomous region

A

Regions of a country with special economic or political privileges.
Examples: most of China, Tibet, Hong Kong.

31
Q

Enclave

A

An “entity” inside of another.

32
Q

Exclave

A

Land outside of its country.

33
Q

Satellite state

A

States under the economical and political influence of another.

34
Q

Compact state

A

Equidistant, easy to govern, homogenous.

35
Q

Elongated state

A

Skinny or rectangular, diverse = conflict?

36
Q

Fragmented state

A

Countries or exclaves, hard to govern.

37
Q

Perforated state

A

A country has a country in it.

38
Q

Prorupted state

A

“Arm” or extension.

39
Q

Land-based boundaries

A

Antecedent/physical

40
Q

Subsequent boundaries

A

Cultural; established after the settlement in the area.

41
Q

Superimposed boundaries

A

Forced upon natives by colonizers.

42
Q

Relic boundaries

A

No longer functions but can still be detected on the cultural landscape.

43
Q

Geometric boundaries

A

Based on longtude/latitude; drawn using straight lines.

44
Q

Maritime boundaries

A

Everyone can use it, no one governs.

45
Q

Unitary system

A

All laws/policies are made at national level.

46
Q

Federal system

A

National + state government makes decisions.

47
Q

Confederal state

A

Local/state government have more authority. National government power is weak and limited.

48
Q

Electoral geography

A

Voting boundaries/does not match countries.

49
Q

Census

A

Every 10 years; pull of population.

50
Q

Reapportionment

A

Process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts.

51
Q

Redistricting

A

The drawing of new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes.

52
Q

Irredentism

A

A country should and wants to control the land that they are ethnically or historically related to.

53
Q

Supranational organizations

A

A venture involving three or more states to promote shared objectives of political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation.

54
Q

Supranationalism

A

Countries come together for common goal/purpose.

55
Q

Devolution

A

Movement of power from central government to regional governments within the state.

56
Q

Ethnic separatism

A

When a person or group starts to identify more as their own ethnic group then as a citizen of the state.

AP Human Geography (18 decks)

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