UNIT 4 NEW Flashcards

1
Q

Designed to indicate the average test performance of
testtakers in a given school grade

A

grade norms

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2
Q

what characteristic of a test is this?

a degree to which equally competent scores obtain the same results

A

objectivity

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3
Q

What error?

instruments used have an error or inaccurate (e.g. weighing scale ^^)

A

instrumental error

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4
Q

A method of evaluation and a way of deriving
meaning from test scores by evaluating an
individual’s score with reference to a set standard

A

Criterion-referenced testing and assessment

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5
Q

Group of people whose performance on a
particular test is analyzed for reference in
evaluating the performance of individual
testtakers

A

normative sample

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6
Q

what characteristic of a test is this?

usefulness of a particular test

A

utility

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7
Q

Indicate the average performance of different
samples of testtakers who were at various ages at the
time the test was administered

A

age norms

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8
Q

The distribution of scores obtained on the test from a
– is used as the basis for the
calculation of test scores for future administrations of
the test

A

fixed reference group

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9
Q

Yield information on a testtaker’s standing or
ranking relative to some comparison group of
testtakers

A

Norm-referenced testing and assessment

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10
Q

refer to behavior that is usual,
average, normal, standard, expected, or typical

A

norm

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11
Q

A normative sample can be segmented by any of the
criteria initially used in selecting subjects for the
sample

A

subgroup norms

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12
Q

The trait term an observer applies, as well as the
strength or magnitude of the trait presumed to be
present, is based on observing a

A

sample of behavior

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13
Q

A method of evaluation and a way of deriving
meaning from test scores by evaluating an
individual testtaker’s score and comparing it to
scores of a group of testtakers

A

Norm-referenced testing and assessment

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14
Q

A standard on which a judgement or decision may
be based

A

criterion

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15
Q

Using the –, the equivalency of
scores on different tests is calculated with reference
to corresponding percentile scores

A

equipercentile method

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16
Q

Refer to the process of deriving norms

May be modified to describe a particular type of norm derivation

A

norming

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17
Q

indicates how far along the normal developmental path an individual has progressed

A

developmental norms

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18
Q

goal is to yield information on an examinee’s standing or ranking relative to some comparison group of examinees

A

Norm-referenced testing & assessment

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19
Q

Refers to a long-standing assumption that factors
other than what a test attempts to measure will
influence performance on the test

A

error

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20
Q

Refers to the distribution of raw scores—more
specifically, to the number of items that were
answered correctly multiplied by 100 and divided
by the total number of items

A

Percentage correct

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21
Q

what characteristic of a test is this?

how accurate the test is, and if it measures what it intends to measure

A

validity

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22
Q

What error?

may be environmental, only a few test takers will experience it

A

random error

23
Q

Criterion-referenced testing and assessment also called

A

domain- or content-referenced

24
Q

domain sampling

A

refer to either

(1) a sample of behaviors from all possible behaviors that could conceivably be indicative of a particular construct or

(2) a sample of test items from all possible items that could conceivably be used to measure a particular construct.

25
The process of selecting the portion of the universe deemed to be representative of the whole population
sampling
26
a psychological trait exists only as a -
construct
27
Arbitrarily select some sample because we believe it to be representative of the population
Purposive sample / sampling
28
characteristics of a psychological test
objectivity standardization reliability validity utility
29
age norms also known as
age-equivalent scores
30
Psychometric context: the test performance data of a particular group of testtakers that are designed for use as a reference when evaluating or interpreting individual test scores
norms
31
o Approach to evaluate the test score in relation to other scores on the same test o Area of focus: how an individual performed relative to other people who took the test
Norm-referenced evaluation
32
The component of a test score attributable to sources other than the trait or ability measured
error variance
33
• An equivalency table for scores on the two tests • Could provide the tool for comparison • Provide some stability to test scores by anchoring them to other test scores
National Anchor Norms
34
also distinguish one person from another but are relatively less enduring
states
35
A portion of the universe of people deemed to be representative of the whole population
Sample
36
An expression of the percentage of people whose score on a test or measure falls below a particular raw score
percentile
37
what characteristic of a test is this? how reliable the test is, especially if you administer it multiple times
reliability
38
An individual’s score is interpreted by comparing it with the scores obtained by others on the same test
Norm-referenced testing & assessment
39
Derived from a normative sample that was nationally representative of the population at the time the norming study was conducted
national norms
40
We can infer the existence of psychological traits from -
overt behavior
41
Whether a trait manifests itself in observable behavior, and to what degree it manifests, is presumed to depend not only on the strength of the trait in the individual but also on the
nature of the situation
42
Potential sources of error variance:
(1) Assessees and assessors (2) Measuring instruments (3) Random, or just a matter of chance
43
What error? present in all test takers because they will all experience it
systematic error
44
The test score is presumed to represent the strength of the targeted ability or trait or state and is frequently based on
cumulative scoring
45
Consist of descriptive statistics based on a group of testtakers in a given period of time rather than norms obtained by formal sampling methods
User norms / programming norms
46
what characteristic of a test is this? a test is made uniform or set to adhere to a specific standard involve administering & scoring in the same way for everyone that takes the test
standardization
47
Provide normative information with respect to the local population’s performance on some test
local norms
48
Individual’s performance is evaluated in terms of the performance of the most nearly comparable standardization group
Within Group Norms
49
What error? when different procedures are used to answer the same questions provides slightly different answers
procedural error
50
controversial practice of norming on the basis of race or ethnic background
race norming
51
test performance data of a particular group of test takers that are designed for use as a reference when evaluating/interpreting individual test scores
norms
52
any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one individual varies from another
trait
53
different subgroups of the population
strata