Unit 2 Flashcards
Father of Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
has an interest in individual differences
Darwin
“Father of Psychometrics”
Francis Galton
“Father of Testing Movement”
Francis Galton
“Father of Eugenics”
Francis Galton
started 1st experimental psychology laboratory in Germany
Wilhelm Max Wundt
“Father of Modern Psychology”
Wilhelm Max Wundt
coined & introduced the term “mental test” in 1980 America and was responsible for introducing mental testing in America
James McKeen Cattell
developed the 1st intelligence test to identify intellectually disabled Paris schoolchildren in 1905
Theodore Simon & Alfred Binet
a test used in the educational setting to screen students with intellectual disabilities in Europe, & was translated by Lewis Terman so that it can be used in America
SB-5
1st widely used self-report personality test
Woodworth Psychoneurotic Inventory (WPI)
Woodworth Psychoneurotic Inventory (WPI) also called
Personal Data Sheet
Advantages - respondents are arguably the best-qualified people to provide answers about themselves (rich descriptions)
What is this?
Woodworth Psychoneurotic Inventory (WPI)
a test in which individual is assumed to “project” onto some ambiguous stimulus their own unique needs, fears, hopes, & motivation
a personality test in which subjects are shown ambiguous images and asked to interpret them
Projective Test
Eaxmple of Projective Test
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Psychological assessment has proceeded along 2 distinct threads
Academic Tradition, Applied Tradition
socially transmitted behavior patterns, beliefs, & products of work of a particular population, community, or group of people
culture
used an intelligence test on immigrant populations & found out that they were feebleminded
Henry Goddard
this research sparked a nature-nurture debate
Henry Goddard’s intelligence test on immigrants
This pays particular attention to the symbolic meaning of nonverbal behavior
psychoanalysis
value traits such as conformity, cooperation, interdependence, & striving toward group goals
Collectivist Cultures
value traits such as self-reliance, autonomy, independence, uniqueness, & competitiveness
Individualist Cultures
an APA Committee on Ethical Standards for Psychology, published a report called “Ethical Standards for the Distribution of Psychological Tests & Diagnostic Aids”
Test User Qualifications
What level of test user qualification
tests/aids that can adequately be administered, scored, & interpreted, with the aid of the manual
Level A
What level of test user qualification
can be proctored by people with no training required and w just adequate instruction
Level A
What level of test user qualification
tests/aids that require some technical knowledge of test construction & supporting psychological & educational fields
Level B
What level of test user qualification
tests/aids that require substantial understanding of testing & supporting psychological fields, ogether with supervised experience in the use of these devices
Level C
Some challenges in testing people with disabilities may include
(1) Transforming the test into a form that can be taken by the test taker
(2) Transforming the responses of the test taker so that they are scorable
(3) Meaningfully interpreting the test data
The rights of test takers (4)
Informed Consent
The right to be informed of test findings
The right to privacy & confidentiality
The right to the least stigmatizing label
utilizing psychological tests that are relevant to the purpose of the assessment & communicating the results to the client & third party that’s only relevant to the referral question
relevancy
there may be some things disclosed in your assessment where you need to break confidentiality, in instances where there may be harm to self & others (to police or to guardians)
“limits of confidentiality”
Anticipated psychology as a science and
psychological measurement as a specialty within
that science
Christian von Wolff
Aspired to classify people “according to their natural gifts” and to ascertain their “deviation from an average”
Francis Galton
Credited with devising or contributing to the development of many contemporary tools of psychological assessment, including questionnaires, rating scales, and self-report inventories
Francis Galton
Pioneered the use of a statistical concept central
to psychological experimentation and testing: the
coefficient of correlation
Francis Galton
Developed the product-moment correlation
technique,
Karl Pearson
attempted to control all extraneous variables in an
effort to reduce error to a minimum
Wilhelm Max Wundt
Credited with originating the concept of test
reliability as well as building the mathematical
framework for the statistical technique of
factor analysis
Charles Spearman
The Frenchman who collaborated with Alfred
Binet on papers suggesting how mental tests
could be used to measure higher mental
processes
Victor Henri
Early experimental with the word association
technique as a formal test
Emil Kraepelin
Cited as the “little-known founder of clinical
psychology”
Lightner Witmer
Founded the first psychological clinic in the
United States
Lightner Witmer
founded the journal
Psychological Clinic. The first article in that
journal was entitled “Clinical Psychology”
Lightner Witmer
Published several articles in which they argued
for the measurement of abilities such as memory
and social comprehension. 2 people and one of themis Alfred Binet
Victor Henri
Introduced a test designed to measure adult
intelligence
David Wechsler
The test was subsequently revised and
renamed the Wechsler Adult
Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale
a theory of personality and
psychological treatment, symbolic significance is assigned to many nonverbal acts
Psychoanalysis
He questioned the value of timed tests of ability,
particularly those tests that employed multiple-
choice items
Hoffman
Refers to voluntary and mandatory efforts undertaken by federal, state, and local governments, private employers, and schools to combat discrimination
Affirmative action
A body of principles of right, proper, or good
conduct
Ethics
recognized and accepted by members of a profession, it defines the standard of care expected of members of that profession
Code of professional ethics
the level at which the average, reasonable, and prudent professional would provide diagnostic or therapeutic services under the same or similar conditions
Standard of care
Information protected by law from disclosure in a
legal proceeding
Privileged informstion
[..] Concerns matters of communication outside the courtroom, [..] protects clients from disclosure in judicial proceedings
confidentiality, privilege
