Unit 10 - Personality Flashcards
An assessment technique in which the task is to
sort a group of statements, usually in perceived rank order ranging from most to least descriptive
Q-Sort Technique
Aspects of the focus of exploration such as the
time frame (the past, present, or future) as well as other contextual issues that involve people, places, and events
Frame of reference
observer notes the presence/ intensity of targeted behaviors
Behavior rating scale
a narrative description of the extent to which a person has demonstrated certain personality traits, states, or types
Personality profile
Employs cartoons depicting frustrating situations
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study
observation of a person in an environment designed to increase the chance that the assessor can observe targeted behaviors and interactions
Analogue behavioral observation
research investigation in which one or more variables are similar or analogous to the real variable that the investigator wishes to examine
Analogue study
Procedure that allows for observation and
evaluation of an individual under a standard set of circumstances
Situational performance measure
Response styles can affect the validity of the outcome and can be countered through the use of
a validity scale
guiding principles to help one attain some objective (example: honesty and ambition)
Instrumental value
Criticisms in Projective Methods
Projective stimulus is only one aspect of the total
stimulus situation
o Stimulus material may not be as ambiguous and
amenable to projection
o Some assumptions are cherished beliefs
accepted without the support of research validation
a test taker’s responses and the presumed strength of a measured trait are interpreted relative to the strength of that trait in a sample of a larger population
Normative approach
Methods for Recording Frequency and Intensity of Target Behavior
Timeline followback (TLFB) methodology:
Ecological momentary assessment:
assessee produces a drawing that is analyzed on the basis of its content and related variables
o Various characteristics of the drawing and that of the individual drawn are formally evaluated in Draw A Person (D A P) test
Figure drawing test
The measurement and evaluation of psychological traits, states, values, interests, attitudes, worldview, acculturation, sense of humor, cognitive and behavioral styles, and/or related individual characteristics
Personality assessment
guiding principles and a mode of behavior that is an endpoint objective (example: a comfortable life and a sense of accomplishment)
Terminal values
A test taker’s responses and the presumed strength of measured traits are interpreted relative to the strength of measured traits for that same individual
Ipsative approach
an individual’s unique constellation of psychological traits that is relatively stable over time
Personality
a tendency to respond to a test item or interview question in some characteristic manner regardless of the content of the item or question
Response style
an ongoing process by which an individual’s thoughts, behaviors, values, worldview, and identity develop in relation to the thinking, behavior, customs, and values of a particular cultural group
Acculturation
assessees’ unique way of interpreting their perceptions as a result of their experiences, cultural background, and related variables
Worldview
helps learn about the examinee in relation to his/her family in the form of examinee verbalizations while the drawing is being executed
Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD)
the transitory exhibition of some personality trait, a relatively temporary predisposition
Personality state
the degree to which a person has different self-concepts in different roles
Self-concept differentiation
characterized by efforts to
learn how a limited number of personality traits can
be applied to all people
Nomothetic approach
Assumptions in Projective Methods
More ambiguous the stimuli, the more subjects reveal about their personality
o Projective stimuli evoke responses that are idiosyncratic in nature
o Ambiguous nature of a task and its results are less subject to faking
possible changes in an assessee’s behavior, thinking, or performance that may arise in response to being observed, assessed, or evaluated
Reactivity
30 picture cards contain a variety of scenes that present the testtaker with “certain classical human situations”
Thematic Apperception Test
a subscale of a test designed to
assist in judgments regarding how honestly the test taker responded and whether responses were products of response style, carelessness, deception, or misunderstanding
Validity scale
characterized by efforts to
learn about each individual’s unique constellation of
personality traits
Idiographic approach
behavioral rating may be excessively positive or negative because a prior rating was excessively negative or positive
Contrast effect
Assessors can affirm the accuracy of self-reported information by consulting external sources such as
peer raters (or collateral sources)
the idea that an individual supplies structure to unstructured stimuli in a manner consistent with the individual’ s own unique pattern of conscious and unconscious needs, fears, desires, impulses, conflicts, and ways of perceiving and responding
Projective hypothesis
the process of using criterion groups to develop test items
Empirical criterion keying
John Holland developed
Self-Directed Search test, a self-administered and self-scored aid to offer vocational assistance
