Unit 4 Medical Part 2 Chapter 20-23 Flashcards
The primary role of the large intestine is to:
Select one:
a. receive bile and begin the digestion process.
b. complete the reabsorption of water.
c. receive digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
d. break down food so it can be digested.
b. complete the reabsorption of water.
Your general impression of a 50-year-old man with acute abdominal pain reveals that he is confused and has pale, diaphoretic skin. After correcting any problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, your main focus should be on:
Select one:
a. performing a secondary assessment.
b. assessing his vital signs.
c. administering IV fluid boluses.
d. prompt transport to the hospital.
d. prompt transport to the hospital.
A young female complains of acute pain located in the left lower quadrant of her abdomen. When palpating her abdomen for tenderness, and rigidity, you should first palpate the:
Select one:
a. left lower quadrant.
b. left upper quadrant.
c. right upper quadrant.
d. right lower quadrant.
d. right lower quadrant.
Pain to palpation of the costovertebral angle is most suggestive of:
Select one:
a. cholecystitis.
b. diverticulitis.
c. pyelonephritis.
d. pancreatitis.
c. pyelonephritis.
Which of the following illnesses or conditions would most likely predispose a patient to chronic renal disease?
Select one:
a. Pericarditis
b. Staph infection
c. Kidney stones
d. Strep throat
d. Strep throat
The liver secretes ________, which is an enzyme that the body uses to:
Select one:
a. hydrochloric acid, break down foods.
b. bile, dissolve fats into solution.
c. chyme, remove waste products.
d. glucagon, convert glycogen to glucose.
b. bile, dissolve fats into solution.
Disease or inflammation of organs that lie behind or beneath the abdominal cavity can cause signs of peritonitis because:
Select one:
a. the parietal peritoneum is richly supplied with very sensitive nerves.
b. the visceral peritoneum is highly vascular and prone to hemorrhage.
c. the organs become significantly enlarged due to the disease process.
d. large volumes of fluid accumulate in the retroperitoneal space.
a. the parietal peritoneum is richly supplied with very sensitive nerves.
The ________ is a solid organ.
Select one:
a. urinary bladder
b. stomach
c. gallbladder
d. ovary
d. ovary
During your assessment of a 39-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note the presence of diffuse pain while palpating her abdomen. With this information, you:
Select one:
a. can conclude that the upper abdominal organs are inflamed.
b. may be able to localize the problem organ or area causing her pain.
c. cannot identify the underlying organ that is causing the pain.
d. should suspect that she has blood in the retroperitoneal space.
c. cannot identify the underlying organ that is causing the pain.
A 33-year-old female complains of acute intense pain in both lower abdominal quadrants. She is conscious and alert, tachycardic, and has a fever of 102.5°F. You should suspect:
Select one:
a. pelvic inflammatory disease.
b. acute bacterial cystitis.
c. a ruptured ectopic pregnancy.
d. a bacterial urinary tract infection.
a. pelvic inflammatory disease.
Peritonitis typically causes ileus, which is the result of:
Select one:
a. a necrotic loop of the large intestine.
b. absent peristalsis in the intestine.
c. an obstruction of the large bowel.
d. a laceration to the small intestine
b. absent peristalsis in the intestine.
A 67-year-old male complains of a burning sensation in his abdomen and hematemesis. During your assessment, you note pain to palpation of his left upper quadrant; his vital signs are suggestive of shock. Which of the following conditions should you suspect?
Select one:
a. Viral gastroenteritis
b. Acute cholecystitis
c. Chronic hepatitis
d. Bleeding peptic ulcer
d. Bleeding peptic ulcer
You are treating a 50-year-old female with severe abdominal pain. She is conscious but restless, and is begging you for pain medication. Her blood pressure is 136/88 mm Hg, pulse is 120 beats/min and strong, and respirations are 24 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:
Select one:
a. give her small sips of water, but only if she is not nauseated.
b. request a paramedic to administer analgesia to the patient.
c. start a large-bore IV and set it at a keep the vein open rate.
d. administer 20 mL/kg fluid boluses through two large-bore IVs.
c. start a large-bore IV and set it at a keep the vein open rate.
Appropriate management for a conscious adult patient with acute abdominal pain, a BP of 80/50 mm Hg, and a pulse rate of 120 beats/min includes:
Select one:
a. fluids by mouth if the patient is not nauseated.
b. elevating the lower extremities 12 to 15 inches.
c. IV fluid boluses as needed to maintain perfusion.
d. increasing the blood pressure to 120 mm Hg.
c. IV fluid boluses as needed to maintain perfusion.
During your assessment of an elderly woman, you note a shunt on her left forearm. This indicates that she:
Select one:
a. has had numerous IVs in her forearm.
b. receives hemodialysis treatments.
c. receives chemotherapy for cancer.
d. has had peritoneal dialysis in the past.
b. receives hemodialysis treatments.
Shortly following a meal, a 49-year-old female complains of acute pain to the right upper quadrant of her abdomen with referred pain to her right shoulder. This is most suggestive of acute:
Select one:
a. pancreatitis.
b. appendicitis.
c. pyelonephritis.
d. cholecystitis.
d. cholecystitis.
A 27-year-old male complains of an acute onset of abdominal pain. He is found curled in a fetal position with his right knee drawn up into his abdomen. This position is most commonly seen in patients with acute:
Select one:
a. pancreatitis.
b. cholecystitis.
c. appendicitis.
d. gastroenteritis.
c. appendicitis.
Which of the following pain patterns is most consistent with kidney stones?
Select one:
a. Retropubic pain without radiation
b. Flank pain that radiates to the groin
c. Localized costovertebral angle tenderness
d. Flank pain with referred pain to the shoulders
b. Flank pain that radiates to the groin
Which of the following causes of an acute abdomen would be least likely to present with fever?
Select one:
a. Appendicitis prior to rupture and abscess formation
b. Acute pancreatitis secondary to an infectious process
c. Inflammation of the small pockets in the large intestine
d. Acute cholecystitis caused by the presence of gallstones
a. Appendicitis prior to rupture and abscess formation
A 38-year-old male with an inguinal hernia complains of increased pain and nausea. He tells you that he has been able to reduce the hernia himself in the past, but it will not reduce today. This patient is at greatest risk for:
Select one:
a. diaphragmatic rupture.
b. decreased peristalsis.
c. strangulation of the bowel.
d. intra-abdominal bleeding.
c. strangulation of the bowel.
The first stage of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is marked by:
Select one:
a. reduced platelet production.
b. increased platelet production.
c. uncontrolled hemorrhage.
d. increased platelet aggregation.
d. increased platelet aggregation.
Excessive eating caused by cellular “hunger” is called:
Select one:
a. polyphagia.
b. polydipsia.
c. dyspepsia.
d. dysphasia.
a. polyphagia.
Glucagon will not be effective if:
Select one:
a. blood glucose levels are less than 40 mg/dL.
b. glycogen stores in the liver are depleted.
c. it is given in conjunction with 50% dextrose.
d. the patient weighs less than 20 kg.
b. glycogen stores in the liver are depleted.
In which of the following situations would a transfusion reaction most likely occur?
Select one:
a. Patient with type A– blood receives type A+ blood
b. Patient with type A blood receives type B blood
c. Patient with type AB blood receives type O blood
d. Patient with type B– blood receives type B– blood
b. Patient with type A blood receives type B blood