Unit 4 List 1 Evolution AL

Question 1

amino acid sequencing

Answer 1

The process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides.

Question 2

analogous structure

Answer 2

Features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure.

Question 3

anatomy

Answer 3

A field in the biological sciences concerned with the identification and description of the body structures of living things.

Question 4

biochemical evidence

Answer 4

The use of molecular biology techniques to study the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms.

Question 5

biogeography

Answer 5

The branch of biology that deals with the geographical distribution of plants and animals.

Question 6

cladogram

Answer 6

Diagrams which dept the relationships between different groups of taxa called “clades”.

Question 7

common ancestry

Answer 7

Ancestral organism shared by two or more descendant lineages.

Question 8

descent with modification

Answer 8

The idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor.

Question 9

DNA sequencing

Answer 9

The general laboratory technique for determining the exact sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.

Question 10

Electrophoresis

Answer 10

A laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge.

Question 11

embryo

Answer 11

Early stage in the development of humans and other animals or plants.

Question 12

embryology

Answer 12

The study of development of an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilization through to the fetal stage.

Question 13

evolutionary tree

Answer 13

A diagram that depicts the lines of evolution descent.

Question 14

fossil record

Answer 14

The history of life as documented by fossils.

Question 15

homologous structure

Answer 15

Similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions.

Question 16

homology

Answer 16

Similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of different species or organisms based upon their descent from a common evolutionary ancestor.

Question 17

paleontology

Answer 17

The study of ancient life, from dinosaurs to prehistoric plants, mammals, fish, insects, fungi, and even microbes.

Question 18

phenotypic similarity

Answer 18

A measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families.

Question 19

phylogeny

Answer 19

More similar to one another than they are to more distantly relaxed tata.

Question 20

phylogenetic tree

Answer 20

A diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Question 21

vestigal structures

Answer 21

A feature that a species inherited from an ancestor.

Question 22

sedimentary layers

Answer 22

Sedimentary rocks are laid down in layers called beds or strata. A bed is defined as a layer of rock that has a uniform lithology and texture. Beds form by the deposition of layers of sediment on top of each other.

Question 23

adapation

Answer 23

A change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.

Question 24

behavior

Answer 24

The way in which an animal or person acts in response to a particular situation or stimulus.

Question 25

competition

Answer 25

A relationship between organisms that strive for the same resources in the same place.

Question 26

genetic variation

Answer 26

The presence of differences in sequences of genes between individual organisms or a species.

Question 26

fitness

Answer 26

An organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.

Question 27

gene pool

Answer 27

The stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.

Question 28

geographic isolation

Answer 28

The physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers.

Question 29

morphology

Answer 29

The branch of biology that deals with the form of living organisms.

Question 29

natural selection

Answer 29

The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Question 30

phenoypic expression

Answer 30

An individual’s observable traits.

Question 31

phsiology

Answer 31

The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

Question 32

population

Answer 32

All the inhabitants of a particular area.

Question 33

reproductive isolation

Answer 33

The inability of a species to breed successfully with related species.

Question 34

sexual selection

Answer 34

Natural selection arising through preference by one sex for certain characteristics in individuals of the other sex.

Question 35

speciation

Answer 35

The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

Question 36

species

Answer 36

A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.

Question 37

Trait

Answer 37

A genetically determined characteristic.

Question 38

Coevolution

Answer 38

The process of reciprocal evolutionary change that occurs between pairs of species or among groups of species as they interact with one another.

Question 39

Convergent Evolution

Answer 39

It occurs when organisms that organisms that aren’t closely related evolve similar features or behaviors, often as solutions to the same problem.

Question 40

Divergent Evolution

Answer 40

The evolutionary pattern in which species sharing a common ancestry become more distinct due to a differential selection pressure.

Question 41

Founder Effect

Answer 41

The reduction in genetic variation that results when a small subset of a large population is used to establish a new colony.

Question 42

Gene Flow

Answer 42

Any movement of individuals from one population to another.

Question 43

Gene frequency

Answer 43

The relative frequency of an allele at a particular locus in a population, expressed as a fraction or percentage.

Question 44

Gene Pool

Answer 44

The stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.

Question 45

Genetic Drift

Answer 45

The change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance.

Question 46

Geological Record