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Biology Avi Lahoty > Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity AL > Flashcards

Unit 3 List 1 DNA & Heredity AL Flashcards

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1
Q

Adenine

A

A compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with thymine in double-stranded DNA.

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2
Q

Amino Acid

A

Molecules that combine to form proteins.

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3
Q

Anticodon

A

A sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule.

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4
Q

Cell Types

A

Basic functional units of an organism.

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5
Q

Cell Differentiation

A

The process during which young, immature cells take on individual characteristics and reach their mature form and function.

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6
Q

chromosome

A

Thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of all animal and plant cells.

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7
Q

codon

A

A sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid.

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8
Q

cytoplasm

A

The gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.

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9
Q

cytosine

A

A compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids. It is paired with guanine in double-stranded DNA.

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10
Q

deoxyribose

A

A sugar that has five carbon atoms and four oxygen atoms in each molecule and is part of DNA.

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11
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

The molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

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12
Q

double helix

A

A term used to describe the physical structure of DNA.

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13
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

A network of membrane-enclosed tubules and sacs that extend from the nuclear membrane throughout the cytoplasm.

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14
Q

enzyme

A

Proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.

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15
Q

gene

A

A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

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16
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

A cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.

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17
Q

guanine

A

A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA. Pairs with cytosine.

18
Q

hydrogen bond

A

A special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules.

19
Q

mRNA

A

A molecule that contains the instructions or recipe that directs the cells to make a protein using its natural machinery.

20
Q

mutation

A

A change in the DNA sequence of an organism.

21
Q

nucleic acid

A

Large bio-molecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.

21
Q

nitrogenous base

A

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base.

22
Q

nuclear membrane

A

A double layer that encloses the cell’s nucleus, where the chromosomes reside.

23
Q

nucleotide

A

A molecule that is the basic building blocks of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.

24
Q

nucleus

A

The structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes.

25
Q

peptide bond

A

A covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a protein.

26
Q

phosphate group

A

A functional group characterized by a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms.

27
Q

polypeptides

A

Biomaterials composed of repeating amino acid units linked by a peptide bond.

28
Q

protein synthesis

A

The formation of a peptide bond between the carboxyl group at the end of a growing polypeptide chain and a free amino group of an incoming amino acid.

29
Q

ribose

A

A sugar that is naturally produced by the body from food.

30
Q

ribosome

A

An intercellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell.

31
Q

RNA

A

A molecule that is made up of nucleotides.

32
Q

stop codon

A

A sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or mRNA that signals a halt to protein synthesis in the cell.

33
Q

rRNA

A

Molecule that is exported to the cytoplasm to help translate the information in messenger RNA into protein.

33
Q

start codon

A

A particular codon, normally AUG, which signals the position at which protein synthesis begins in an mRNA.

34
Q

transcription

A

The process of making an RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence.

34
Q

thymine

A

One of the four nucleic bases in DNA, and it pairs with guanine.

35
Q

translation

A

The process of translating the sequence of messenger RNA molecules to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. t

36
Q

tRNA

A

A small RNA molecule that plays a large role in protein synthesis.

37
Q

uracil

A

A nitrogenous base that is a component of RNA.

38
Q

vesicle

A

A small sac containing fluids within the body.

Biology Avi Lahoty (6 decks)

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