Unit 3 List 2 DNA & Heredity AL

Question 1

allele

Answer 1

One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that occur due to mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Question 2

centromere

Answer 2

The region of a chromosome in which the microtubules of the spindle attach.

Question 3

chromatid

Answer 3

One of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated n preparation for cell division.

Question 4

chromosome

Answer 4

Threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry genomic information from cell to cell.

Question 5

codon (chart)

Answer 5

Used to translate a genetic code into a sequence of amino acids.

Question 6

crossing over

Answer 6

A cellular process that happens during meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up.

Question 7

daughter cell

Answer 7

The cells that are formed after cell division.

Question 8

deletion

Answer 8

A deletion changes the DNA sequence by removing at least one nucleotide in a gene.

Question 9

diploid

Answer 9

The presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells.

Question 10

fertilization

Answer 10

The union of two gametes.

Question 11

frameshift

Answer 11

A genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read.

Question 12

gamete

Answer 12

A reproductive cell of an animal or plant.

Question 13

gene

Answer 13

Basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.

Question 14

gene mutation

Answer 14

A change in a sequence of your DNA.

Question 15

genetic code

Answer 15

A set of three-letter combinations of nucleotides called codons, each of which corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal.

Question 16

genetic variation

Answer 16

The presence of differences in sequences of cells.

Question 17

haploid

Answer 17

A cell that contains a single set of chromosomes.

Question 18

homologous chromosome

Answer 18

Pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism that have similar genes, although not necessarily identical.

Question 19

insertion

Answer 19

A type of mutation that involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into a segment of DNA.

Question 20

independent assortment

Answer 20

A genetic principle that states that the alleles of two genes will segregate into daughter cells independent of one another.

Question 21

meiosis

Answer 21

A type of cell division
that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells.

Question 22

meiosis I

Answer 22

A type of cell division unique to germ cells.

Question 23

meiosis II

Answer 23

A mitotic division of each of the haploid cells produced in meiosis 1.

Question 24

DNA

Answer 24

The molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

Question 25

mutagen

Answer 25

A chemical or physical agent capable of inducing changes in DNA called mutations.

Question 26

monosomy

Answer 26

The absence one member of a pair of chromosomes.

Question 27

mutation

Answer 27

A change in a DNA sequence.

Question 28

nondisjunction

Answer 28

The failure of the chromosomes to separate, which produces daughter cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes.

Question 29

offspring

Answer 29

The young creation of living organisms, produced either by sexual or asexual reproduction.

Question 30

parent cell

Answer 30

A cell that is the source of other cells.

Question 31

Point mutation

Answer 31

A genetic alteration caused by the substitution of a single nucleotide for another nucleotide.

Question 32

replication

Answer 32

The biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.

Question 33

sexual reproduction

Answer 33

The production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.

Question 34

somatic cell

Answer 34

The cells in the body other than sperm and egg cells.

Question 35

substitution

Answer 35

A type of mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide.

Question 36

trisomy

Answer 36

The presence of an extra chromosome in some or all of the body’s cells.

Question 37

trait

Answer 37

A specific characteristic of an individual.