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Biology H Allyson Tan > Unit 4 List 1 Evolution AKT > Flashcards

Unit 4 List 1 Evolution AKT Flashcards

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1
Q

the study of the geographic distribution of plants, animals, and other forms of life

A

biogeography

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2
Q

the study of development of an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilization through to the fetal stage

A

embryology

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3
Q

the use of molecular biology techniques to study the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms, providing crucial insights into evolutionary relationships

A

biochemical evidence

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4
Q

features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature (compare to homologous structures) and which evolved in response to a similar environmental challenge

A

analogous structure

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5
Q

the process by which a species becomes fitted to its environment

A

adaptation

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6
Q

Early stage in the development of humans and other animals or plants

A

embryo

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7
Q

an assortment of organisms of a species that live in the same place at the same time and interbreed

A

population

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8
Q

Ancestral organism shared by two or more descendent lineages

A

common ancestry

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9
Q

rocks formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms

A

sedimentary layers

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10
Q

process in which an organism adapts to its environment through selectively reproducing changes in its genotype

A

natural selection

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11
Q

the study of the structure of a plant or animal.

A

anatomy

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12
Q

quantitative representation of individual reproductive success

A

fitness

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13
Q

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms

A

phylogenetic tree

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14
Q

the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA

A

DNA sequencing

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15
Q

a specific characteristic of an individual

A

trait

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16
Q

a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families

A

phenotypic similarity

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17
Q

the change in activity of an organism in response to a stimulus

A

behavior

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18
Q

the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences

A

reproductive isolation

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19
Q

presence of differences in sequences of genes between individual organisms of a species

A

genetic variation

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20
Q

a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor

A

evolutionary tree

21
Q

an interaction between organisms or species in which both require a resource that is in limited supply (such as food, water, or territory)

A

competition

22
Q

a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge

A

electrophoresis

23
Q

the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers

A

geographic isolation

24
Q

a collection of fossils documenting the history of life on Earth

A

fossil record

25
Q

the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils

A

paleontology

26
Q

the observable characteristics in an organism that results from the expression of genes

A

phenotypic expression

27
Q

an organ, system, or body part that shares a common ancestry in multiple organisms

A

homologous structure

28
Q

the process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides

A

amino acid sequencing

29
Q

the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor

A

descent with modification

30
Q

how a new kind of plant or animal species is created

A

speciation

31
Q

the process by which individuals compete for access to mates and fertilization opportunities

A

sexual selection

32
Q

the history of the evolution of a species or group, especially in reference to lines of descent and relationships among broad groups of organisms

A

phylogeny

33
Q

the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species

A

gene pool

34
Q

the study of the size, shape, and structure of animals, plants, and microorganisms and of the relationships of their constituent parts

A

morphology

35
Q

a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species.

A

cladogram

36
Q

a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring

A

species

37
Q

the study of how the human body works

A

physiology

38
Q

similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of different species of organisms based upon their descent from a common evolutionary ancestor

A

homology

39
Q

features of an organism that are considered to have lost much or all of their original function through evolution

A

vestigial structures

40
Q

the influence of closely associated species on each other in their evolution.

A

coevolution

41
Q

when organisms that aren’t closely related evolve similar features or behaviours

A

convergent evolution

42
Q

the development of dissimilar traits or features

A

divergent evolution

43
Q

the reduced genetic diversity which results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors.

A

founder effect

44
Q

any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another

A

gene flow

45
Q

the ratio of a particular allele to the total of all other alleles of the same gene in a given population.

A

gene frequency

46
Q

the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.

A

gene pool

47
Q

the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance

A

genetic drift

48
Q

the entirety of the layers of rock strata

A

geologic record

Biology H Allyson Tan (7 decks)

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