Unit 4 List 1 Evolution AKT

Question 1

the study of the geographic distribution of plants, animals, and other forms of life

Answer 1

biogeography

Question 2

the study of development of an embryo from the stage of ovum fertilization through to the fetal stage

Answer 2

embryology

Question 3

the use of molecular biology techniques to study the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms, providing crucial insights into evolutionary relationships

Answer 3

biochemical evidence

Question 4

features of different species that are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and which do not derive from a common ancestral feature (compare to homologous structures) and which evolved in response to a similar environmental challenge

Answer 4

analogous structure

Question 5

the process by which a species becomes fitted to its environment

Answer 5

adaptation

Question 6

Early stage in the development of humans and other animals or plants

Answer 6

embryo

Question 7

an assortment of organisms of a species that live in the same place at the same time and interbreed

Answer 7

population

Question 8

Ancestral organism shared by two or more descendent lineages

Answer 8

common ancestry

Question 9

rocks formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms

Answer 9

sedimentary layers

Question 10

process in which an organism adapts to its environment through selectively reproducing changes in its genotype

Answer 10

natural selection

Question 11

the study of the structure of a plant or animal.

Answer 11

anatomy

Question 12

quantitative representation of individual reproductive success

Answer 12

fitness

Question 13

a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms

Answer 13

phylogenetic tree

Question 14

the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA

Answer 14

DNA sequencing

Question 15

a specific characteristic of an individual

Answer 15

trait

Question 16

a measure of functional redundancy within homologous gene families

Answer 16

phenotypic similarity

Question 17

the change in activity of an organism in response to a stimulus

Answer 17

behavior

Question 18

the inability of a species to breed successfully with related species due to geographical, behavioral, physiological, or genetic barriers or differences

Answer 18

reproductive isolation

Question 19

presence of differences in sequences of genes between individual organisms of a species

Answer 19

genetic variation

Question 20

a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor

Answer 20

evolutionary tree

Question 21

an interaction between organisms or species in which both require a resource that is in limited supply (such as food, water, or territory)

Answer 21

competition

Question 22

a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge

Answer 22

electrophoresis

Question 23

the physical separation of populations of organisms from one another due to geographical barriers

Answer 23

geographic isolation

Question 24

a collection of fossils documenting the history of life on Earth

Answer 24

fossil record

Question 25

the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils

Answer 25

paleontology

Question 26

the observable characteristics in an organism that results from the expression of genes

Answer 26

phenotypic expression

Question 27

an organ, system, or body part that shares a common ancestry in multiple organisms

Answer 27

homologous structure

Question 28

the process of identifying the arrangement of amino acids in proteins and peptides

Answer 28

amino acid sequencing

Question 29

the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor

Answer 29

descent with modification

Question 30

how a new kind of plant or animal species is created

Answer 30

speciation

Question 31

the process by which individuals compete for access to mates and fertilization opportunities

Answer 31

sexual selection

Question 32

the history of the evolution of a species or group, especially in reference to lines of descent and relationships among broad groups of organisms

Answer 32

phylogeny

Question 33

the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species

Answer 33

gene pool

Question 34

the study of the size, shape, and structure of animals, plants, and microorganisms and of the relationships of their constituent parts

Answer 34

morphology

Question 35

a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species.

Answer 35

cladogram

Question 36

a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring

Answer 36

species

Question 37

the study of how the human body works

Answer 37

physiology

Question 38

similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of different species of organisms based upon their descent from a common evolutionary ancestor

Answer 38

homology

Question 39

features of an organism that are considered to have lost much or all of their original function through evolution

Answer 39

vestigial structures

Question 40

the influence of closely associated species on each other in their evolution.

Answer 40

coevolution

Question 41

when organisms that aren't closely related evolve similar features or behaviours

Answer 41

convergent evolution

Question 42

the development of dissimilar traits or features

Answer 42

divergent evolution

Question 43

the reduced genetic diversity which results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors.

Answer 43

founder effect

Question 44

any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another

Answer 44

gene flow

Question 45

the ratio of a particular allele to the total of all other alleles of the same gene in a given population.

Answer 45

gene frequency

Question 46

the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.

Answer 46

gene pool

Question 47

the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance

Answer 47

genetic drift

Question 48

the entirety of the layers of rock strata

Answer 48

geologic record