UNIT 1 LIST 2 CELL ENERGY AKT

Question 1

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals

Answer 1

autotroph

Question 2

the first stage of photosynthesis process in which solar energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH

Answer 2

light reaction

Question 3

the photosynthetic pigment found in all green plants

Answer 3

chlorophyll

Question 4

the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy

Answer 4

photosynthesis

Question 5

a process that plants and algae use to turn carbon dioxide from air into sugar, the food autotrophs need to grow

Answer 5

Calvin cycle

Question 6

a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 6

Electron Transport Chain

Question 7

the product of the first level of photosynthesis; helps to fuel the reactions that occur in the second stage of the process of photosynthesis

Answer 7

NADPH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen)

Question 8

the gel-like material in the mitochondria, or organelle that performs the process of aerobic respiration, that contains ribosomes resembling those of bacteria

Answer 8

mitochondrial matrix

Question 9

a chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars)

Answer 9

aerobic respiration

Question 10

the process in which a substance breaks down into a simpler substance

Answer 10

fermentation

Question 11

a coenzyme molecule involved in a number of important biological processes such as the transport of high-energy electrons for the production of ATP via aerobic respiration

Answer 11

NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)

Question 12

a biological model wherein the sugar gets transformed into carbon dioxide and alcohol

Answer 12

alcoholic fermentation

Question 13

the process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy

Answer 13

glycolysis

Question 14

any colored material found in a plant or animal cell

Answer 14

pigment

Question 15

a coin-shaped stack of thylakoids, which are the membrane-like structures found inside chloroplasts of plant cells

Answer 15

granum

Question 16

a pore or aperture surrounded by two guard cells that allow gas exchange

Answer 16

stomata

Question 17

the process by which plants and algae convert the carbon found in inorganic molecules in the atmosphere to produce biological building blocks and fuel for cellular respiration

Answer 17

carbon fixation

Question 18

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Answer 18

heterotroph

Question 19

pouch-like sacs that are bound to a membrane in the chloroplasts of a plant cell

Answer 19

thylakoid

Question 20

a class of more than 750 naturally occurring pigments synthesized by plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria

Answer 20

carotenoids

Question 21

occurs naturally in the body and plays a role in generating energy

Answer 21

NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide + Hydrogen)

Question 22

type of cellular respiration that does not use oxygen to produce energy

Answer 22

anaerobic respiration

Question 23

a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP

Answer 23

cellular respiration

Question 24

A series of reactions catalyzed by seven enzymes in the mitochondria to remove electrons from nutrients

Answer 24

Krebs Cycle

Question 25

a colorless organic liquid formed by the breakdown of carbohydrates and sugars during cell metabolism

Answer 25

pyruvic acid

Question 26

a tricarboxylic acid that is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms; its role is a food acidity regulator, a chelator, an antimicrobial agent and a fundamental metabolite

Answer 26

citric acid

Question 27

the source of energy for use and storage at cellular level

Answer 27

ATP

Question 28

a biological molecule consisting of one adenine, one sugar, and two phosphates; most important role is to be combined with a phosphate molecule to create ATP

Answer 28

ADP