Unit 3 List 2 DNA & Heredity AKT

Question 1

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Answer 1

allele

Question 1

the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore, during cell division.

Answer 1

centromere

Question 2

each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.

Answer 2

chromatid

Question 3

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Answer 3

chromosome

Question 4

A table can be used to translate a genetic code into a sequence of amino acids.

Answer 4

codon chart

Question 5

a cellular process that happens during meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up

Answer 5

crossing over

Question 6

the cells that are formed after cell division

Answer 6

daughter cell

Question 7

A type of genetic change that involves the absence of a segment of DNA.

Answer 7

deletion

Question 8

the presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair.

Answer 8

diploid

Question 9

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

Answer 9

DNA

Question 10

The process by which two gametes (reproductive cells having a single, haploid set of chromosomes) fuse to become a zygote, which develops into a new organism

Answer 10

fertilization

Question 11

a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read

Answer 11

frameshift

Question 12

a reproductive cell of an animal or plant

Answer 12

gamete

Question 13

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

Answer 13

gene

Question 14

a change to a gene’s DNA sequence to produce something different

Answer 14

gene mutation

Question 15

the instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein

Answer 15

genetic code

Question 16

the difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations among the same species

Answer 16

genetic variation

Question 17

a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes

Answer 17

haploid

Question 18

a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during fertilization

Answer 18

homologous chromosome

Question 19

describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop

Answer 19

independent assortment

Question 20

a type of mutation that involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into a segment of DNA

Answer 20

insertion

Question 21

a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells

Answer 21

meiosis

Question 22

a type of cell division unique to germ cells

Answer 22

meiosis I

Question 23

a mitotic division of each of the haploid cells produced in meiosis I

Answer 23

meiosis II

Question 24

the absence of one member of a pair of chromosomes

Answer 24

monosomy

Question 25

a chemical or physical agent capable of inducing changes in DNA called mutations

Answer 25

mutagen

Question 26

an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA

Answer 26

mutation

Question 27

the failure of the chromosomes to separate, which produces daughter cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes

Answer 27

nondisjunction

Question 28

the young creation of living organisms, produced either by sexual or asexual reproduction

Answer 28

offspring

Question 29

A cell that is the source of other cells, as a cell that divides to produce two or more daughter cells, or a stem cell that is a progenitor of other cells or is the first in a line of developing cells

Answer 29

parent cell

Question 30

A genetic alteration caused by the substitution of a single nucleotide for another nucleotide

Answer 30

point mutation

Question 31

the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecule

Answer 31

replication

Question 32

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes

Answer 32

sexual reproduction

Question 33

the cells in the body other than sperm and egg cells

Answer 33

somatic cell

Question 34

a type of mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide

Answer 34

substitution

Question 35

The presence of an extra chromosome in some or all of the body's cells

Answer 35

trisomy

Question 36

a specific characteristic of an individual

Answer 36

trait