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Biology H Allyson Tan > Unit 3 List 2 DNA & Heredity AKT > Flashcards

Unit 3 List 2 DNA & Heredity AKT Flashcards

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1
Q

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

A

allele

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1
Q

the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore, during cell division.

A

centromere

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2
Q

each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.

A

chromatid

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3
Q

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

A

chromosome

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4
Q

A table can be used to translate a genetic code into a sequence of amino acids.

A

codon chart

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5
Q

a cellular process that happens during meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up

A

crossing over

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6
Q

the cells that are formed after cell division

A

daughter cell

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7
Q

A type of genetic change that involves the absence of a segment of DNA.

A

deletion

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8
Q

the presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair.

A

diploid

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9
Q

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

A

DNA

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10
Q

The process by which two gametes (reproductive cells having a single, haploid set of chromosomes) fuse to become a zygote, which develops into a new organism

A

fertilization

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11
Q

a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read

A

frameshift

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12
Q

a reproductive cell of an animal or plant

A

gamete

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13
Q

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child

A

gene

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14
Q

a change to a gene’s DNA sequence to produce something different

A

gene mutation

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15
Q

the instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein

A

genetic code

16
Q

the difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations among the same species

A

genetic variation

17
Q

a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes

A

haploid

18
Q

a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during fertilization

A

homologous chromosome

19
Q

describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop

A

independent assortment

20
Q

a type of mutation that involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into a segment of DNA

A

insertion

21
Q

a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells

A

meiosis

22
Q

a type of cell division unique to germ cells

A

meiosis I

23
Q

a mitotic division of each of the haploid cells produced in meiosis I

A

meiosis II

24
Q

the absence of one member of a pair of chromosomes

A

monosomy

25
Q

a chemical or physical agent capable of inducing changes in DNA called mutations

A

mutagen

26
Q

an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA

A

mutation

27
Q

the failure of the chromosomes to separate, which produces daughter cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes

A

nondisjunction

28
Q

the young creation of living organisms, produced either by sexual or asexual reproduction

A

offspring

29
Q

A cell that is the source of other cells, as a cell that divides to produce two or more daughter cells, or a stem cell that is a progenitor of other cells or is the first in a line of developing cells

A

parent cell

30
Q

A genetic alteration caused by the substitution of a single nucleotide for another nucleotide

A

point mutation

31
Q

the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecule

A

replication

32
Q

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes

A

sexual reproduction

33
Q

the cells in the body other than sperm and egg cells

A

somatic cell

34
Q

a type of mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide

A

substitution

35
Q

The presence of an extra chromosome in some or all of the body’s cells

A

trisomy

36
Q

a specific characteristic of an individual

A

trait

Biology H Allyson Tan (7 decks)

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