Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psych 290 > Unit. 4: Human Development Across the Lifespan > Flashcards

Unit. 4: Human Development Across the Lifespan Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Accommodation

A

The act of changing existing mental structures to explain new experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Age of Viability

A

The age at which a baby can survive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Assimilation

A

The cognitive process of fitting new information into existing cognitive understanding. / Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing mental structures without changing them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Attachment

A

Close, emotional bonds of affection developed between infants and their caregivers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Centration

A

Tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem & neglecting important aspects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Childhood Cognitive Development

A

Transitions in children’s pattern of thinking, including reading, remembering, & problem solving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cohort effects

A

When differences in studies can be because groups grew up in different time periods. EX.) To unbiasedly compare 20, 40, & 60 year old’s researcher would have to take into account the different time periods they grew up, some grew up through the women’s movement & so on. Such things have influence over individuals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Conservation

A

The awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in shape or appearance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cross-sectional design

A

Investigators compare groups of participants of differing age at a single point in time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

The application of accumulated knowledge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dementia

A

An abnormal condition marked by multiple cognitive deficits that include memory impairment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Development

A

The sequence of age-related changes that occur between conception & death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Developmental Norms

A

Average age at which individuals display various behaviour & abilities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Habituation
&
Dishabituation

A

H-A gradual reduction in the strength of a response when a stimulus event is presented repeatedly.
Dh-A new stimulus elicits an increase in the strength of a habituated response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Egocentrism

A

The inability to see another view point.

*Animism: belief that all things are living.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Embryonic Stage (development)

A

The second stage of prenatal development.
Most of vital organs & bodily systems begin to form in the developing organism.
-heart
-spine
-brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 Stages of Prenatal development

A
  1. Germinal stage (first 2 weeks)
  2. Embryonic stage (2 weeks to 2 months)
  3. Fetal stage (2 months to birth)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Family Life Cycle

A

The sequences of stages that families tend to progress through.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)

A

Congenital (inborn) problems associated with excessive alcohol use during pregnancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fetal Stage

A 
3rd stage
The embryo begins to rapidly grow into the fetus, developing major body parts & movement. 
-bones
-sex organs
-*age of viability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fluid Intelligence

A

Basic information-processing skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Gender

A

Refers to culturally constructed distinctions between femininity & masculinity.

23
Q

Gender Differences

A

differences between the sexes in typical behaviour\average ability.

24
Q

Gender Roles

A

Expectations of what is appropriate behaviour for each sex based on societal norms.

25
Q

Gender Stereotypes

A

Widely held beliefs about females & males abilities, personalities, social behaviours.

26
Q

Germinal Stage

A

First stage of prenatal development
Zygote is created through fertilization, rapid cell division begins creating a mass of multiplying cells.
-zygote

27
Q

Irreversibility

A

The inability to envision reversing an action, or undoing something is incomprehensible.

28
Q

Longitudinal Design

A

Investigators observe one group of participants repeatedly over a period of time.

29
Q

Maturation

A

The development that reflects gradual unfolding of one’s genetic blueprint

30
Q

Menarche

A

The first occurrence of menstruation.

31
Q

Motor Development

A

The profession of muscular coordination required for physical activities.

32
Q

Object Permeance

A

The understanding that an object exists even when it is not seen.

33
Q

Placenta

A

A structure that allows oxygen & nutrients to pass into the fetus from the mothers blood stream, then the bodily wastes to pass out to the mother.

34
Q

Prenatal Period

A

The period of conception to birth for a child, usually 9 months.

35
Q

Primary Sex Characteristics

A

Sex characteristics needed for reproduction, develop during the puberty stage.

36
Q

Puberty

A

Sexual functions reach maturity & marks the beginning of adolescences.

37
Q

Pubescence

A

Two year span preceding puberty, during which the changes leading to physical & sexual maturity take place.

38
Q

Secondary Sex characteristics

A

Physical features that distinguish one sex from another.

*not essential for reproduction.

39
Q

Sex

A

The biological based categories of female & male.

40
Q

Scaffolding

A

When the assistance provided to a child is adjusted as learning progresses.

41
Q

Socialization

A

The acquisition of the norms & behaviours expected of people in a particular society.

42
Q

Stage

A

The developmental period during which characteristic patterns of behaviours are exhibited & certain capacities become established.

43
Q

Temperament

A

Characteristics mood, activity level, & emotional reactivity.

44
Q

Teratogens

A

External agents, such as drugs/viruses, that can harm an embryo/fetus.

45
Q

Zone of proximal Development (ZPD)

A

The gap between what a learner can accomplish on their own and what they can accomplish with the guidance of a skilled partner.

46
Q

Zygote

A

A once celled organism formed by the union of a sperm & an egg.

47
Q

Erik Erikson

A

Personality Development

48
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Cognitive theory

49
Q

Albert Thomas & Stella Chess

A

Longitudinal studies of the development of temperament.

50
Q

Personality Development childhood vs. adulthood (Erickson’s 7 stages)

A 
Child:
1. Trust vs. Mistrust 
2. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
4. Industry vs. Inferiority 
Adulthood: 
1.Early adulthood *intimacy vs. isolation
2.Middle adulthood *generativity vs. self-absorption 
3.Late adulthood *integrity vs. despair
51
Q

Physiological & Neural changes (Adulthood)

A
  • Depression may occur (death)
  • Loss of hearing/vision
  • Menopause
  • Dementia
  • Cognitive abilities seem to just slow down
52
Q

Physiological & Neural Development (Adolescence)

A
  • Puberty
  • Prefrontal Cortex develops (front of brain)
  • White & Grey matter in brain
53
Q

Family Transitions

A
  • Marriage
  • Parenthood
  • Empty Nest
54
Q

What are the 5 Key themes present in this chapter

A
  1. Psychology is theoretically diverse.
  2. Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context
  3. Hereditary & Environment jointly influence behaviour
  4. Behaviour is determined by multiple causes
  5. Behaviour is shaped by cultural heritage

psych 290 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions