Unit. 1: The Evolution of Psychology Flashcards
Who were Psychology’s “intellectual” parents
Philosophy & Physiology
The study of Mind-Body, Aristotle & Socrates.
Willhelm Wudnt
- Set up the first Psychology research lab.
- Deemed founder of psychology, that it should be the scientific study of consciousness.
G. Stanley Hall
- Founded the APA (American Psychological Association)
- Launched first American Psychology laboratory
Sigmund Freud
- Psychoanalytic Theorist
- Unconscious mind consists of thoughts one is not aware of but still influence behaviour
John B. Watson
- Behaviorism
- Psychology should study only observable behaviour, redefining it as the “science of behaviour”.
B. F. Skinner
- Behaviourism & psychoanalytical
- “Free will is an illusion”
- psychology should only be based off observable behaviour,
- all behaviour is based on external influences
Carl Rogers (Abraham Maslow)
- Humanism
- argued that everyone was searching for who, what, and how they became.
James Mark Baldwin
First Canadian Research Laboratory *University of Toronto
Positive Psychology
research and theory in understanding the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence.
-Positive emotions, strengths, & happiness
Structuralism
Uses the introspection(looking within ones self) to identify the basic elements or “structures” of psychological experience/consciousness
Functionalism
-Psychology should investigate the why & how of consciousness
Psychoanalytical theory
-interpreting the unconscious meaning under ones behaviour, how it influences personality, motivation, & mental disorders
Behaviourism
-psychology should be based on the study of observable behaviour.
-Conscious (private thoughts) do not allow psychology to be scientific
(John B. Watson
Humanism
- Humans have unique behaviour qualities and should not be compared to animals
- stressing humans’ freedom and potential for growth
Evolutionary Psychology
- over the course of many generations the adaptive values gained in members of a species in terms of their behaviours
- natural selection
Professions in Psych
- Clinical
- Counselling
- Educational
- Industrial & Organizational
- Forensic
Research area in PYSCH
- Developmental
- Social
- Experimental
- Physiological
- Cognitive
- Personality
- Psychometrics
- Educational
- Health
Psychology is Empirical
Based on observable evidence made in research
Psychology is Theoretically Diverse
To better our understanding of behavior a variety of perspectives is needed as everyone’s is unique
Psychology Evolves in a Sociohistorical Context
Knowledge gained in psychology relates/connects to society as a whole
/psychology evolves with society
Behaviour is determined by multiple causes
Most behaviour can not be explained by a single-cause, it’s important to realize behaviour has many causes
Behaviour is shaped by cultural Heritage
cultural factors exert major influence on behaviour
Environment & Hereditary
Nature & Nurture together influence behaviour
People’s Experience of the world is Subjective
people tend to see what they expect and want to see
Introspection
Self observation of one’s own conscious experience
*bias and can may be misconstrued
Consciousness
- region of the psyche that contains thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and other aspects of mental life currently present in awareness.
- rapidly shifting
Unconsciousness
-Thoughts, memories, and desires that are below our conscious awareness but still exert great influence on our behaviours
Nature V.S. Nurture
Behaviour is affected by both our environment (Nature) and genetics (Nurture)
Applied Psychology
-the study of everyday problems in society
Cognition
Mental process involved in acquiring knowledge
Empiricism
-knowledge should be based on observable evidence
Ethnocentrism
-tendency to see ones “group” superior to others, foreign way/biases
SQ3R
- Study system designed to promote effective reading:
1. Survey
2. Question
3. Read
4. Recite
5. Review
