Unit. 1: The Evolution of Psychology Flashcards
Who were Psychology’s “intellectual” parents
Philosophy & Physiology
The study of Mind-Body, Aristotle & Socrates.
Willhelm Wudnt
- Set up the first Psychology research lab.
- Deemed founder of psychology, that it should be the scientific study of consciousness.
G. Stanley Hall
- Founded the APA (American Psychological Association)
- Launched first American Psychology laboratory
Sigmund Freud
- Psychoanalytic Theorist
- Unconscious mind consists of thoughts one is not aware of but still influence behaviour
John B. Watson
- Behaviorism
- Psychology should study only observable behaviour, redefining it as the “science of behaviour”.
B. F. Skinner
- Behaviourism & psychoanalytical
- “Free will is an illusion”
- psychology should only be based off observable behaviour,
- all behaviour is based on external influences
Carl Rogers (Abraham Maslow)
- Humanism
- argued that everyone was searching for who, what, and how they became.
James Mark Baldwin
First Canadian Research Laboratory *University of Toronto
Positive Psychology
research and theory in understanding the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence.
-Positive emotions, strengths, & happiness
Structuralism
Uses the introspection(looking within ones self) to identify the basic elements or “structures” of psychological experience/consciousness
Functionalism
-Psychology should investigate the why & how of consciousness
Psychoanalytical theory
-interpreting the unconscious meaning under ones behaviour, how it influences personality, motivation, & mental disorders
Behaviourism
-psychology should be based on the study of observable behaviour.
-Conscious (private thoughts) do not allow psychology to be scientific
(John B. Watson
Humanism
- Humans have unique behaviour qualities and should not be compared to animals
- stressing humans’ freedom and potential for growth
Evolutionary Psychology
- over the course of many generations the adaptive values gained in members of a species in terms of their behaviours
- natural selection
Professions in Psych
- Clinical
- Counselling
- Educational
- Industrial & Organizational
- Forensic
Research area in PYSCH
- Developmental
- Social
- Experimental
- Physiological
- Cognitive
- Personality
- Psychometrics
- Educational
- Health
Psychology is Empirical
Based on observable evidence made in research
Psychology is Theoretically Diverse
To better our understanding of behavior a variety of perspectives is needed as everyone’s is unique
Psychology Evolves in a Sociohistorical Context
Knowledge gained in psychology relates/connects to society as a whole
/psychology evolves with society
Behaviour is determined by multiple causes
Most behaviour can not be explained by a single-cause, it’s important to realize behaviour has many causes
Behaviour is shaped by cultural Heritage
cultural factors exert major influence on behaviour
Environment & Hereditary
Nature & Nurture together influence behaviour
People’s Experience of the world is Subjective
people tend to see what they expect and want to see
