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PSYCH 290 > Unit. 1: The Evolution of Psychology > Flashcards

Unit. 1: The Evolution of Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were Psychology’s “intellectual” parents

A

Philosophy & Physiology

The study of Mind-Body, Aristotle & Socrates.

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2
Q

Willhelm Wudnt

A
  • Set up the first Psychology research lab.

- Deemed founder of psychology, that it should be the scientific study of consciousness.

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3
Q

G. Stanley Hall

A
  • Founded the APA (American Psychological Association)

- Launched first American Psychology laboratory

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4
Q

Sigmund Freud

A
  • Psychoanalytic Theorist

- Unconscious mind consists of thoughts one is not aware of but still influence behaviour

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5
Q

John B. Watson

A
  • Behaviorism

- Psychology should study only observable behaviour, redefining it as the “science of behaviour”.

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6
Q

B. F. Skinner

A
  • Behaviourism & psychoanalytical
  • “Free will is an illusion”
  • psychology should only be based off observable behaviour,
  • all behaviour is based on external influences
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7
Q

Carl Rogers (Abraham Maslow)

A
  • Humanism

- argued that everyone was searching for who, what, and how they became.

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8
Q

James Mark Baldwin

A

First Canadian Research Laboratory *University of Toronto

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9
Q

Positive Psychology

A

research and theory in understanding the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence.
-Positive emotions, strengths, & happiness

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10
Q

Structuralism

A

Uses the introspection(looking within ones self) to identify the basic elements or “structures” of psychological experience/consciousness

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11
Q

Functionalism

A

-Psychology should investigate the why & how of consciousness

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12
Q

Psychoanalytical theory

A

-interpreting the unconscious meaning under ones behaviour, how it influences personality, motivation, & mental disorders

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13
Q

Behaviourism

A

-psychology should be based on the study of observable behaviour.
-Conscious (private thoughts) do not allow psychology to be scientific
(John B. Watson

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14
Q

Humanism

A
  • Humans have unique behaviour qualities and should not be compared to animals
  • stressing humans’ freedom and potential for growth
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15
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A
  • over the course of many generations the adaptive values gained in members of a species in terms of their behaviours
  • natural selection
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16
Q

Professions in Psych

A
  • Clinical
  • Counselling
  • Educational
  • Industrial & Organizational
  • Forensic
17
Q

Research area in PYSCH

A
  • Developmental
  • Social
  • Experimental
  • Physiological
  • Cognitive
  • Personality
  • Psychometrics
  • Educational
  • Health
18
Q

Psychology is Empirical

A

Based on observable evidence made in research

19
Q

Psychology is Theoretically Diverse

A

To better our understanding of behavior a variety of perspectives is needed as everyone’s is unique

20
Q

Psychology Evolves in a Sociohistorical Context

A

Knowledge gained in psychology relates/connects to society as a whole
/psychology evolves with society

21
Q

Behaviour is determined by multiple causes

A

Most behaviour can not be explained by a single-cause, it’s important to realize behaviour has many causes

22
Q

Behaviour is shaped by cultural Heritage

A

cultural factors exert major influence on behaviour

23
Q

Environment & Hereditary

A

Nature & Nurture together influence behaviour

24
Q

People’s Experience of the world is Subjective

A

people tend to see what they expect and want to see

25
Q

Introspection

A

Self observation of one’s own conscious experience

*bias and can may be misconstrued

26
Q

Consciousness

A
  • region of the psyche that contains thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and other aspects of mental life currently present in awareness.
  • rapidly shifting
27
Q

Unconsciousness

A

-Thoughts, memories, and desires that are below our conscious awareness but still exert great influence on our behaviours

28
Q

Nature V.S. Nurture

A

Behaviour is affected by both our environment (Nature) and genetics (Nurture)

29
Q

Applied Psychology

A

-the study of everyday problems in society

30
Q

Cognition

A

Mental process involved in acquiring knowledge

31
Q

Empiricism

A

-knowledge should be based on observable evidence

32
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

-tendency to see ones “group” superior to others, foreign way/biases

33
Q

SQ3R

A
  • Study system designed to promote effective reading:
    1. Survey
    2. Question
    3. Read
    4. Recite
    5. Review

PSYCH 290 (6 decks)

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