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Unit 4 Hitstory Test Flashcards

1
Q

Why were there not many possible leaders left?

A

Most of them were killed in war

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2
Q

What do Britain, Germany, and the US promote?

A

Democracy

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3
Q

What were some post war problems?

A

-Finding jobs (especially for veterans)
- Economic problems
- Rebuilding
- Social unrest

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4
Q

Who did the Middle Class start to join? Why?

A

Conservatives because the Liberal party failed

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5
Q

What do the Conservatives limit?

A

The Middle Classes strike power

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6
Q

What did the Easter Rising cause?

A

More support for the Irish cause

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7
Q

Who used Guerilla warfare against the British?

A

Irish Representative Army

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8
Q

What for of government did Ireland have?

A

Self government

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9
Q

France Conservative and Communists fought for what?

A

Power

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10
Q

What happened in 1919-1920 (secret police)

A

They kicked out “foreign radicals”

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11
Q

What happened in 1891-1914?

A

Many immigrants came to the US

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12
Q

What was the Red Scare

A

A tactic used to limit immigration

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13
Q

Why did Germany fear becoming too weak?

A

They thought that Britain and the US would become too strong

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14
Q

What did the Locarno Treaty symbolise?

A

A symbol of peace to help end post war fighing

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15
Q

Who joined the League of Nations after signing the Locarno Treaty in 1926?

A

Germany (US joined soon after)

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16
Q

What were Britain’s economic problems?

A
  • Debt
  • Factories were out of date
  • Major unemployment
  • Low wages
  • Strike\worker unrest
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17
Q

How was Frances economic recovery?

A

Simple

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18
Q

US had unfair…

A

Demand\wages

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19
Q

How was banking in the US?

A

Poor

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20
Q

What did the US pose?

A

The highest tariff in history

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21
Q

What was the unemployment issue in 1931?

A

1 in every 4 workers were unemployed

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22
Q

Who did the citizens stand behind once the depression hit?

A

Leon Blum

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23
Q

What did Leon Blum try to do?

A
  • Solving labo problems
  • Tried to pass socialist legistlation
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24
Q

What brought Blum’s government down?

A

Strikes

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25
Q

What caused crisis to the US in 1934?

A

Winds

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26
Q

What destroyed farmers tools and goods?

A

A dust bowl

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27
Q

What did people start losing during the depression?

A

Hope

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28
Q

What was the Maginot Line?

A

Frances massive fortifications

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29
Q

Kellogg- Briand Pact?

A

US sponsored, echoed spirit of Locarno

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30
Q

Disarmament?

A

Reduction of armed workers

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31
Q

General Strike?

A

Strike by worker in many different industries

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32
Q

Overproduction?

A

Condition where production of good exceeds the need for them

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33
Q

Finance?

A

Management of money matters

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34
Q

Federal Reserve?

A

Central banking system of the US

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35
Q

The Great Depression?

A

Painful time of global economic collapse

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36
Q

New Deal?

A

Massive package of economic and social programs

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37
Q

According to Italo Balbo how did Italy’s constitutional government “betray” the hopes of the soldiers?

A

By reducing Italy’s army to a shameful peace

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38
Q

When did Mussolini rise to power?

A

The 20s

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39
Q

Who rallied behind Mussolini?

A

Italo Balbo

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40
Q

What was the promise the Allies broke to Italy?

A

Giving them land from Austria and Hungary

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41
Q

What did part of Italy become part of?

A

Yugoslavia

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42
Q

What led to revolution like protests in Italy?

A

Italian Nationalist outraged by the betrayal from the Allies

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43
Q

What were some of the ways people protested?

A
  • Rising taxes\declined trade
  • Peasants seized land
  • Workers on strike
  • Government split feuding in factions
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44
Q

How does Mussolini rise?

A

Due to turmoil

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45
Q

Mussolini was a ____ from birth…

A

Socialist

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46
Q

During the war Mussolini rejected socialism and switched to _____…

A

Intense Nationalism

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47
Q

Who did Mussolini organize into the Fascist Party?

A

Veterans and other Italians

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48
Q

Black Shirts?

A

Party militants

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49
Q

March on Rome?

A

Fascist stormed the capital

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50
Q

Fascism?

A

Any centralized, authoritarian government that is not communist whose policies glorify the state over the individual and destructive to basic human rights

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51
Q

What was the goal of Fascism?

A

To go back to Roman Greatness

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52
Q

What did Mussolini do?

A
  • Suppressed Rival Parties
  • Mizzled Press
  • Rigged Elections
  • Replaced Elected Officials with Fascists
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53
Q

What happened to critics of Fascists?

A

They were thrown in jail or murdered

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54
Q

What did Mussolini use to achieve his goals and get rid of his doubters?

A
  • Secret police
  • Propoganda
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55
Q

Who controlled the industry?

A
  • Business
  • Labor
  • Government
  • Fascists
    They were all representatives
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56
Q

What did Mussolini prefere?

A
  • Class system
  • Preserving capitalism
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57
Q

Mussolini and his followers thought the state was more important than what?

A

The individual person

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58
Q

What were men encouraged to be?

A

Violent and ruthless

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59
Q

Why were women kicked out of working jobs?

A

To have more children

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60
Q

Where were children forced to go and why?

A

Camps to learn Fascist ways

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61
Q

What where children taught to be a young ages?

A

Soldiers

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62
Q

What did Mussolini build?

A

The first totalitarian state

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63
Q

Totalitarian state?

A

One party regulates every aspect of everyone’s life

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64
Q

Who adopted the idea of the Totalitarian State?

A

Hitler and Stalin

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65
Q

What was the appeal of Fascism?

A
  • Promised a strong government
    -Received National pride
  • Mussolini was a confident powerful figure
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66
Q

Differences between Fascism and Communism

A

Fascism: (Favored by upper class)
- Preserved Nationalist goals
- Society with defined classes

Communism: (Favored by lower class)
- Worked for international change
- Classless society

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67
Q

What did Fascism and Communism have in common?

A
  • Drew power by inspiring a blind devotion to the state
  • Used terror to guide power
  • Flourished during economic hardship
  • An elite party claimed to rule by nationalist interests
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68
Q

What did Stalin and other members of the Communist Party want to do to Lenin’s body?

A

Preserve Lenin’s body to put him on display

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69
Q

What did Karl Marx say Communism would do to the state?

A

Make the state fall

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70
Q

Stalin made the Soviet Union become…

A

A Totalitarian state ruled by bureaucracy

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71
Q

Why was Stalin’s five year plan created?

A

Save Russia from going back to their backwards economic habits

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72
Q

What was the goal of the five year plan?

A
  • Create a powerful industry
  • Improve transportation
  • Increase farm output
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73
Q

Who controlled the plan?

A

Mostly to government

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74
Q

Who owned all businesses?

A

The government also distributed all the resources

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75
Q

What did the Soviet Union create?

A

Comand economy

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76
Q

What was the command economy?

A

Government officials make all basic economic decisions

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77
Q

What were some goals of the five year plan?

A

Heavy industry and transportation improvement

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78
Q

How did the government make people work towards these goals?

A

They gave bonuses to whoever completed these goals

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79
Q

What happened if someone didn’t complete the goals

A

They were punished

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80
Q

From 1928-1939 what industries grew?

A
  • Oil
  • Coal
  • Steel
  • Expanded mining
  • Built raildroad
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81
Q

What were some of the low living standards of 1928- 1939 in Russia?

A
  • Shortages
  • Low wages
  • Workers forbidden from going on strike
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82
Q

What did the government want farmers to produce the feed cities and sell to other countries?

A

Grain

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83
Q

What did Stalin think of Lenin’s NEP?

A

He thought it was inefficient and a threat to state power

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84
Q

Where did Stalin want peasants to work?

A

State owned farms or collectives

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85
Q

Collectives?

A

Large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group

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86
Q

What did the government control about state farms and collectives?

A

Everything
- Prices
- Necessities for farming

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87
Q

Why were many angry about state farms?

A

They didn’t like how the government were selling their products at such low prices

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88
Q

Many resisted state farms, how?

A
  • Killing animals
  • Destroying tools
  • Burning crops
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89
Q

Who did Stalin blame for the farmer resistance?

A

Kulaks

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90
Q

Kulaks?

A

Wealthy farmers

91
Q

How did Stalin get rid of the kulaks in 1929?

A
  • Took away their land
  • Sent kulaks to labor camps (most of them died from being overworked)
  • Peasants still resisted by only growing enough food to feed themselves
92
Q

What did the government leaving the peasants to starve cause?

A

Terror Famine - It killed millions of people in Ukraine alone

Harsh punishment + terrible harvests = famine

93
Q

What products where in short supply in Russia in 1930?

A
  • Meat
  • Vegetable
  • Fruit
    Grain was in high supply
94
Q

How did Stalin violated his peoples rights with his tactics?

A
  • Using terror as a weapon
  • He sent his secret police by opening others letters
  • He planted listening devices in peoples houses
95
Q

Where were critics of Stalin sent?

A

To the Gulag

96
Q

Gulag?

A

A system of brutal labor camps, many die there

97
Q

Why did Stalin make his secret police spy on people?

A

He thought his citizens were going to impeach him
(especially the old bolsheviks)

98
Q

What happened in 1836-1938 as a power move directed by Stalin?

A

Public displays

99
Q

What were public displays?

A
  • People would confess to their crimes in public
  • Stalin would torture them
  • Stalin would threaten their families
  • The criminals were sent to the Gulag without a trial
  • This is one of the ways that millions of people were purged
  • Stalin’s power increased
100
Q

Stalin was so paranoid that he killed many necessary figures like…

A
  • Writers
  • Engineers
  • Experts in industry and economics
  • Military leaders
101
Q

Because of Russia’s decrease in power who decided to attack

A
  • Germany’s attack in 1941
102
Q

How did Stalin try to control the minds of his citizens?

A
  • Propaganda
  • Censoring ideas
  • Replacing religion with Communist ideology
  • Imposed Russian culture on minorities
103
Q

How did Stalin spread his propaganda?

A

Radio Speakers in…
- Schools
- Movie theaters
- Factories
- Villages

104
Q

Under Stalin artists and writers…

A
  • Were told what to say
  • Were punished if they declined Stalin’s orders
105
Q

Under the Bolsheviks artists and writers…

A

Had more creative freedom

106
Q

Socialist realism?

A

A goal to show soviet life in a positive light and promote hope in the communist future

107
Q

What does Stalin have to be written as in socialist realist novels?

A

A hero

108
Q

Socialist realism follows in the footsteps of…

A

Tolstoy and Chekhov

109
Q

Who wrote criticism of Stalin? What happened to him?

A
  • Osip Mandelstam
  • He was…
    - imprisoned
    - Exiled
    - Torchered
  • He eventually wrote and Ode to Stalin out of fear to his wife
110
Q

Russification?

A

Making a nationalities culture more Russian

111
Q

Stalin tried to gain control through cultural life so in 1936 he created the USSR with

A
  • Soviets
  • Socialist
  • Republicans
112
Q

Russian SSR?

A

High ranked

113
Q

Non- Russian SSR?

A

Low ranked

114
Q

What did Stalin try to destroy and replace with atheism?

A

Faith in religion they did this because communism had their own set of sacred texts

115
Q

Atheism?

A

Belief that there is no God

116
Q

What was the first targeted church?

A

Russian Orthodox

117
Q

What happened to priests or religious leaders?

A
  • Killed
  • Sent to prision camps
118
Q

What did people do when their places of worship were destroyed?

A

Worship in private

119
Q

What did Stalin get rid of?

A

Social classes they had a few elites as ruling classes (Stalin’s purges often fell on the elite)

120
Q

Who made up the Soviet Elite?

A
  • industrial managers
  • Military leaders
  • Scientists
  • Artists
  • Writers
121
Q

What were the benefits of communism?

A
  • Children attended free communist built schools
  • State supported university and tech school
  • Extracurriculars
    - Sports
    - Cultural activities
    - Political classes
122
Q

What were the drawbacks of communism?

A
  • Schools taught the love of Stalin
  • Preached atheism
  • Glorified collective farming
  • Scarce housing
  • Short supply of food other than bread
123
Q

What did women have access to?

A

Education and a wide range of jobs (men and women earned the same salary)

124
Q

What were Lenin’s and Stalin’s different ideas on foreign policy?

A
  • 1917 Lenin wanted a worldwide revolution
  • 1939 Stalin wants to ensure safety by gaining support from other countries
125
Q

Communist International?

A

1919 Lenin formed comintern

126
Q

Who encouraged colonial people to stand up to Imperialist Powers

A

Revolutionary groups (against capitalism) western powers suspicious

127
Q

What happened when Britain found out about the strike of 1926?

A

They cut off ties with the Soviet Union

128
Q

What did the solemn ceremonies symbolize?

A

The start of Emperor Hirohito’s reign (1926- 1989)

129
Q

What did Hirohito promise?

A
  • World peace
  • Welfare of the human race
130
Q

Why did Japan become democratic?

A

To strengthen relationships with other countrys

131
Q

How did Japan grow their economy during WW1?

A
  • Heavy Industry production
  • Japan became a true industrial power
132
Q

What land did Japan take control of?

A
  • East Asia
  • Korea
  • Small part of China
133
Q

The Diet?

A

The Japanese parliament

134
Q

What did men gain in 1925?

A

The right to vote (women got the right to vote 20 years later)

135
Q

Who were political parties manipulated by in Japan?

A

Zaibatsu

136
Q

Zaibatsu?

A

Japans great business leaders

137
Q

Who did the Zaibatsu favor?

A

Parties with similar ideas or parties that favored international trade

138
Q

What affected Japan’s relations with the Western Powers?

A

Japan’s rapid expansion

139
Q

How did Japan try to settle disputed with the Western Powers?

A

They slowed down expansion

140
Q

What did Japan do in 1922?

A

Signed an agreement to limit their navy size and military spending

141
Q

Why did peasants turn to socialist ideas(marx and lenin)?

A

Because they were still very poor

142
Q

What did younger generations go against?

A
  • Tradition(western fashion)
    -Family authority
143
Q

There were rising problem between the government and…

A

Military

144
Q

Who were the military side?

A

Conservatives

145
Q

What did the conservative do to tear down the government?

A
  • Blasted government corruption
  • Condemned western influences
    - Defying obedience
    - Lacking respect
146
Q

What were the aftereffects of the Tokyo earthquake?

A
  • 100,000 dead
  • 650,000 damaged building
  • 45% of workers lost their jobs
  • Fires
147
Q

What happened after Tokyo recovered?

A

A worldwide crisis

148
Q

What effects did Japan face after the Great Depression?

A
  • Unemployment
  • Foreign buyers could no longer afford Japan services\products
  • Rural peasants almost starved
149
Q

What did economic issues feed?

A

The discontent of ultranationalists

150
Q

Ultranationalists?

A

Leading military officials and extreme nationalists

151
Q

What did ultranationalists do to politicians?

A

Condemned them for agreeing with Western demands while conservatives claimed that Japans empire was tiny

152
Q

Why were Nationalists outraged by the US, Canada, and Australia?

A

Because they didn’t accept Japanese imagrants

153
Q

Why did Nationalists want to expand in Asia and Manchuria?

A
  • Resources
  • Space for Japans growing population
154
Q

How did Army officers make a reason for them to attack manchuria?

A
  • Blowing up a Japanese railroad and blaming it on China
  • They took over Manchuria without the government permission
155
Q

What puppet state did Japan create in Manchuria?

A

Manzhouguo

156
Q

Who was asked to rule the state?

A

Puyi the Chinese emporor

157
Q

Why did the League of Nations condemn Japan?

A

For acting against China

158
Q

Why did Japan withdraw from the League of Nations soon after?

A

Because the didn’t want anything binding them to the arrangement they made with the Western Powers in the 1920s

159
Q

Why couldn’t the League of Nations fight against Japan?

A

Their forces weren’t strong enough

160
Q

What were ultranationalists plotting to do in 1936?

A

Overthrow the government and rule the center of Tokyo

161
Q

How did ultra nationalists try to overthrow the government?

A

They assassinated politicians who opposed expansion

162
Q

What happened in 1937?

A

Government had to accept military domination

163
Q

Who turned down their parties to please ultranationalists?

A

Socialists and Democrats

164
Q

What were students taught in school?

A

Total obedience and service to the state

165
Q

What did Japan use to strengthen their power in China?

A

China’s civil war in the 1930s

166
Q

Both China and Japan were locked in…

A

Total combat

167
Q

Who did Japan ally with in 1936?

A

Germany and Italy

168
Q

What did Japan Italy and Germany sign to ensure their alliance in September 1940?

A

Tripartite Pact (They became the Axis Powers)

169
Q

What did WW1 leave Germany in?

A

Chaos

170
Q

Why did German leaders do to fix this problem?

A

Draft a constitution

171
Q

Chancellor?

A

Prime minister, initially was elected

172
Q

What did the Constitution give women?

A

The right to vote

173
Q

What were people of all parties mad about and who did they blame it on?

A

The treaty of Versailles and many blamed German Jews

174
Q

What was Germany behind on?

A

Payments(1923)

175
Q

What did France occupy?

A

Coal- rich

176
Q

Ruhr Valley?

A

France owned most of the coal with German workers

177
Q

What did Germany pay workers to do?

A

Strike

178
Q

What spiraled in German?

A

Inflation

179
Q

What plans did the US make in 1924?

A

Reduce reparations to recover the economy

180
Q

Who did people turn to to make Germany better?

A

Adolf Hitler

181
Q

Weimar Republic…

A

Flourished

182
Q

What did the Weimar Republic’s success stimulate?

A

New culture

183
Q

Hitler grew up Vienna as a?

A

German Austrian

184
Q

What beliefs did Hitler develop?

A

Anti- semitic beliefs

185
Q

What republic did Hitler despise?

A

Weimar

186
Q

What did Hitler write in prison?

A

Mein Kampf

187
Q

What did the Mein Kampf reflect?

A

Hitlers beliefs and obsessions

188
Q

Who did Hitler blame for Germany’s failure in WW1?

A

Jews and marxists

189
Q

According to Hitler inferior races must bow down to who?

A

Aryan Race

190
Q

Who did the program appeal to?

A

Lower classes and veterans

191
Q

Who was appointed chancellor in 1933?

A

Hitler

192
Q

Why was Hitler a dictator?

A
  • He took away rights
  • He took away political parties
193
Q

Third Reich?

A

Powerful empire took control for a thousand years

194
Q

What did the Third Reich do?

A
  • Made public work programs
  • United germany
  • Rejected the Treaty of Versailles
195
Q

What did Hitler control?

A

All areas of life

196
Q

Gestapo?

A

Secret police

197
Q

What did the Nuremberg laws deprive Jews of?

A

-Citizenship
- They also placed restrictions

198
Q

Nuremberg laws?

A
199
Q

Kristallnacht?

A

Happened in November of 1910, Jews were attacked and Hitler was preparing for the “final solution”

200
Q

How did the Nazis indoctrinate youth?

A
  • Speeches
  • Teachings
    - School taught Nazis racial views
  • Pledged loyalty to Germany
201
Q

What were women not allowed to work?

A

High rank jobs

202
Q

What did Aryan women get rewards for?

A

Having more children

203
Q

What did the Nazis do to Purge German culture

A
  • Denounced modern art
  • Condemned Jazz music
  • Glorified German myths
  • Despised christianity(closed catholic schools)
204
Q

What were some social and economic problems for the lower class and peasants?

A
  • Changes democratic to authorian rule
205
Q

What ethnic groups had high tensions?

A
  • Czechs
  • Slovaks
  • Slovenes
  • Croats
206
Q

What helped the Fascist rule gain power?

A

Unstable state of Germans

207
Q

What were the only two countries not run by dictators?

A
  • Czechoslovakia
  • Finland
208
Q

What did many turn to as a scapegoat?

A

Anti- semitism

209
Q

Who were the 3 powerful winners of 1919?

A
  • Britain
  • France
  • Us
210
Q

Who had post war problems?

A

Europe

211
Q

Whos world leaders were killed

A

Young generation

212
Q

How did liberals pass in the 1920s

A

Labour party stength

213
Q

Who had social interests?

A

Middle class(gradual socialism)

214
Q

What did they go back to in1920’s?

A

Conservatives

215
Q

How many workers went on strike?

A

3 million

216
Q

What happened in the US in 1928 and 29 and again in 1931?

A

Stock prices rised

217
Q

What did banks stop giving because of the revolution?

A

Loans

218
Q

Who had no loan payments?

A

France
Britain

219
Q

What did Britain set up as a solution?

A

Coalition

220
Q

What did the dust bowl destroy?

A
  • Crops
  • Winds
  • Droughts
221
Q

What was an internal problem?

A

Allies arguing

222
Q

General strike of 1926 lasted for how many days?

A

9

223
Q

Who is the leading economic power?

A

US

224
Q

What did the US follow?

A

Capitalism

Flashcards (10 decks)

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