Russia and India Quiz Flashcards
What were the threats were made after the tsar’s 300th anniversary?
Threats of revolution
When were the threats being made?
1913
Why was the tsar’s wife not worried about the threats of revolution?
She thought they worshiped him
What happened in March 1917?
Revolution toppled the Romanov Dynasty
Who were the Economy Rulers?
- Landowning Nobles
- Priests
- Autocratic Tsar
Who were the people in poverty?
The peasant population
What classes emerged once Russia began to industrialize?
Small middle class and urban working class
What was Duma?
-A provisional government that was elected after the revolution
-They had no real power
After the Revolution of 1905 what problems did Nicholas not solve?
- Political
- Social
- Economic
What did tzar Nicholas block?
All attempts to limit his power
What did tsar Nicholas rely on?
His secret police and secret forces
Why was he not the best leader(nicholas)
- Corrupt Bureaucracy
- Overburdened Court System
Who did Marxist try to ignite revolution among?
Proletariates
Who were the proletariats?
The growing class of factory, railroad, and mine workers
What were the impacts of WW1 on Russia?
- Strained resources
- Factories could not make enough supplies
- Transport system broke down
- Many soldiers had no guns and amo
- Poor leaders
- Casualties
What did tsar Nicholas go to lead?
He went to lead the military
Why did Nicholas leading the military not work?
Because he was just as incompetent as the generals
Who took over for Nicholas while he was away?
The tsarina Alexandra took over
What outbroke in 1914?
A war outbreak
Who was Rasputin?
A illiterate peasant who was a self-claimed holy man
Who did Rasputin have a heavy affect on?
The tsarina Alexandra
What impact did Rasputin have on Alexandra?
- She was convinced that Rasputin has miraculous powers
- She thought he helped her son who suffered from hemophilia
- Her belief in Rasputin weakened the confidence in the government
What did these impact lead to for Rasputin?
His death on December 29th, 1916
Once the monarchy collapsed what did the tsar do?
The tsar stepped down after marchers (mostly women) flooded the streets shouted “bread!”
Who advised tsar the step down?
Military and Political leader
What did Duma set up?
A temporary provisional government
What were middle class liberals preparing for?
Russian Republica Constitution
What is March and November know as in Russia?
February and October because of the new calendar 1918
Who plotted their own course of action?
The Revolutionary Socialists
Who took charge of the socialists during this time?
The Bolsheviks
When did Lenin adopt the name Lenin?
When he became a revolutionary
What was Lenin’s older brother hung for
Plotting to kill the tsar
What ideas did lenin spread?
Marxist ideas
Who did Lenin work with on these ideas?
Krupskaya
Where\when did they get married?
In prison after they got arrested
Where were they exiled after prison where they continued to spread marxist ideas?
Switzerland
What reforms did socialist think of?
- Higher wages
- Increased suffrage
- Social welfare programs
Whos ideas did Lenin adopts?
Marxes
Who were the Bolsheviks made of?
A small percentage of socialists
Who helped Lenin return home?
Germanys
Why did Germany help Lenin return home?
They saw it as a change to weaken Russia (their enemy)
What chant did Lenin lead when he returned home?
Long live the world wide socialist revolution
Who helped lead the november revolution?
Leon Trotsky
What did they promise the people of Russia if they rebeled?
Peace, Land, and Bread
Who led the provisional government?
Alexander Kerensky
What did he fail at during the war effort?
Fixing the land reform
What did peasants want?
Land
What did city workers want?
An end to shortages
Who replaced to provisional government?
Bolsheviks
What was the color of the communists(Bolsheviks)
Red
Who protested against and attacked the British residents?
The people of Amritsar City (City in Northern India)
What happened on April 13th 1919?
A larger crowd of Indians gathered in an enclosed field to meet with Reginald Dyer(general) and Dyer ordered a mass shooting and 400 Indians were killed and 1,000 Indians were injured
What was the massacre called
Amritsar Massacre
Why was the Amritsar Massacre a turning point for the Indians?
It showed India that they had to govern themselves
What has Britain promised India?
A better self government for India after WW1
What did Britain do instead of what they promised India?
They made a few small reforms
What has been happening in India since 1885?
The Congress party has been trying to get self-rule in the British empire\full independence
Who united India across class lines?
Mohandas Gandhi
What did Gandhi do in 1914?
He returned to India and became the leader of the Congress Party
What did Gandhi do in South Africa?
He fought against laws that discriminated against Indians
Who did Gandhi inspire with his nonviolent ideas?
Religious and Ethnic backgrounds
Gandhi’s nonviolent protest caught the eyes of…
The whole world
How did Gandhi embrace Hindu traditions?
By preaching the ancient doctrine of ahimsa
What religions did Gandhi value?
Religions that valued love
Who did Gandhi admire?
Henry David Thoreaus
Who was David Thoreaus?
A philosopher that created ideas of civil disobedience
What was Gandhi influenced by?
Democrats and Nationalism
What nonviolent act did Gandhi lead against the british in the 1920’s and 30’s?
A boycott and he made people proud of Indian industries
What was the symbol Gandhi made for the Nationalist Movement?
A spinning wheel
What was the Salt March?
- Gandhi stood up against the British salt monopoly to gain mass support
- Indians were forced to buy salt from monopoly
- 78 followers marched 240 miles to the sea (March 12 1930)
- Number of followers rose as they marched
- Gandhi picked up a lump of sea salt and was arrest
- After he was arrested many other Indians started to sell salt
Why did people start judging Britain?
Because of their harsh reaction and violence
What did Britain start doing after they started receiving judgment?
Slowly giving Indians more power and meeting other demands
Why did the new world war break out in 1939?
Indians were outraged by Britain postponing independence and dragging them into war
- Many Indians still helped Britain during the war
What happened when the war ended in 1945
India’s independence wouldn’t de postponed anymore
Why were Muslims afraid of Hindus?
They were afraid of Hindus majority and that lead to conflict later on
What does Ahimsa mean?
Nonviolence and reverence for all life
What does Civil Disobedience mean?
The refusal to obey unjust laws
Who were the untouchables?
Members of the lowest class
What does boycott mean?
Refusal to buy British good
In July 1917 what offensive was launched against Germany?
Kerensky offensive
What did the Bolsheviks do in 1917?
Squads of Red Guards joined with mutinous soldiers and they attacked the provisional government
How long did it take for Lenin to overthrow the government?
Days and they did it without struggle
What country became the capital for the Bolsheviks and the headquarters for Kremlin?
Moscow
What did Lenin end after the got control over the government?
Private ownership, they distributed land to the peasants
What were workers given control over?
Factories and mines
What symbolized union between workers and peasants?
A hammer and sickle entwined
Cheka definition
Secret police
Soviets definition
Council workers and soldiers
Commissioner definition
people who kept the government parties in line
What did Lenin unite into the soviet union?
The old Russian empire
What kind of constitution did the communists make?
Democratic and socialist
What did the new communist constitution set up?
An elected legislature and it gave 18 year olds the right to vote
What party reigned in power?
Communist
What did this party do to enforce its will?
Used the secret police force
What did Lenin retreat from
War communism
What did Lenin’s retreat from war communism do?
Almost caused the economy to collapse
Once the factory\mine output fell what did peasants stop producing?
Grains
What allowed capitalist ventures?
New economic policy
What did the state have control on?
- Banks
- Foreign trade
- Large Industries
- Small businesses
What did the compromise with capitalism help do?
Helped the economy recover and ended resistances of the new government
What did Lenin see the NEP as?
Temporary
What were peasants forced to do under communism?
- Work in factories
- Send all crop to government
- Forced to work in labor camps in 1919
If workers worked poorly what did Trotsky order?
Shoot every 10th person
What did Stalin want to return communism to?
Pure communism
What did Stalin want to build?
Socialism
Who did Stalin’s agents murder and why?
Trotsky because he fled the country after Stalin kicked him out of the party
What did Stalin do to obtain dictatorial power?
Used ruthless measures
What natural resource was popular in the Middle East?
Oil
Why did foreign companies move the the Middle East?
To exploit large oil reserves
Why\When did Pan- Arabism begin to grow?
After WW1 in response to foreign influence
What type of people was the Nationalist movement built on?
Arabs
What was the Nationalist movement referred to as later on?
The golden age or Arabism
