Unit 4: Fruits + Seeds Flashcards
What distinguishes the Rose family plants (Rosacea)
All showy flowers with 5 petals and numerous stamen, diverse fruit development after pollination
What sub-family is the spiraeoideae?
apple - pear - plum
what kind of fruit are apple & pear (pome fruit)?
Accessory fruit = ovaries are encased in floral cup that become the fleshy part we eat (we don’t eat the ovaries)
what part of strawberries is true fruit?
the seeds, the juicy flesh is a swollen receptacle
where were apples domesticated?
from wild progenitor species in Kazakhstan around 3000-4000 ya in the middle east (grafting also in 300 BC)
what are drupes?
Stone fruit: plums, cherries, peaches, and other Prunus genus
what type of fruit has a pit as a modified endocarp and fleshy part derived from the mesocarp and skin from the exocarp?
drupes/stone fruit
where did stone fruit originate?
western china with some also in N America prior to European arrival but many came after
what is the difference between a free stone or cling type drupe?
free stone = mesocarp easily separates from the endocarp
cling type = two tissues are fused together like in a peach
what type of fruit are raspberries and black berries?
false berries, they are accessory fruit
=derived from many separate ovaries on a single flower (aggregate fruit)
*brambles = species in genus Rubus
what fruit comes from the Ericacae family?
blueberries & cranberries
=> fleshy portion from leaf and petal base along with the ovary
what family is the grape part of?
Vitaceae family
*main wine grapes are from Vitis vinifer, native to Eurasia and cultivated since 8000 BC
Which fruit is a pepo? and where did it originate?
Squash, North/central america
what kind of nuts are true nuts aka fruit?
hazelnuts and chestnuts = a single seed fused to the ovary wall with a hard shell
other nuts are false and comprised of cotyledons
what plant is used on roots in wineries to resist pests that attack roots?
V.labrusca, another grape but better for juices and this purpose
what fruit comes from the Solanaceae family?
Tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, (all berries) and potatoes
what fruit was considered poisonous and not immediately accepted in europe from the new world?
Tomatoes
What are citrus?
hesperidum = a berry with leathery skin formed by exocarp + mesocarp
ONLY 4 distinct species = pummelos, mandarin, kumquat, and citron all others are hybrids
why is winter squash a good staple crop?
because they store well once mature
what are pepos?
monoecious plants with imperfect male and female flowers on the same plant
= squash, melons, and cucumbers
why are avacados different?
only fruit rich in oils and high in calories rather than water and sugar
= seed lacks a protective coat and has fleshy fruit but is not suited for seed dispersal
what is unique about date palm trees?
Part of the palm family (Arecaceae) = dioecious tree with imperfect male and female flowers on seperate plants
why are coconuts unique?
they produce a liquid endosperm = free floating nuclei that is coconut water and then when it matures it becomes the meat
what are the 3 indents on a coconut?
remnants of 3 carpels of which only 1 develops on embryo
what fruit is a triploid plant?
bananas = they cannot produce seeds (because commercial are a hybrid between a diploid and tetraploid species)
