Unit 3: Grains & Legumes Flashcards
True or False. All cereals are grains but not all grains are cereals.
True
What is the “green revolution”
the development of new, high yielding, crops that prevented famine
what are grains?
seeds or seed-like fruit of plants that are members of the Poaceae family or some are non-grass (ex. quinoa)
what is a cereal?
an edible grain only produced by annual grasses
how much farmland is occupied by grains and cereals?
over 60%
when were grains first consumed
around 2 mya, one of the first domesticated crops
how many members of the grass family are cultivated as cereal crops. what traits do these possess?
35
- grow in dense stands in the open
- are annuals and invest heavily in seed production
- produce dry fruit that store well
- produce starchy seeds with high calories
- provide adequate nutrition paired with other crops
where were common beans domesticated?
Mexico/South America
What are the major differences of grasses from dicots?
- fibrous roots systems
- growing from the base
- shoot structure (meristem protected by leaf sheaths and at the base so they can grow back quickly)
- asexual reproduction
- flowers are generally wind pollinated
what is different in domesticated grasses from wild relatives?
- non-shattering fruit
- separating seed
- larger seed size
- more seeds
- synchronous germination
- reduced branching/tillering
- dwarfing (so they don’t fall over)
Who started the green revolution?
Norman Borlaug (plant geneticist)
What were the consequences of the green revolution?
Environmental damage, reliance on hybrid seeds, and chemical inputs like fertilizer
When/where was rice domesticated?
China, around 9000-10,000 ybp BUT also separately many other places
what is beriberi?
vitamin b deficiency from relying on rice since it’s low in nutrients
where/when was wheat domesticated?
Turkey, around 10,000-11,000 ypb
