Unit 1: Botany Basics

Question 1

Aerial Root

Answer 1

Don’t grow in soil: attach to other plants and absorb/retain water

Question 2

A root that stores energy to provide resources for the following growth year

Answer 2

Storage roots

Question 3

What roots are mangrove forests?

Answer 3

Prop roots; help support the trunk

Question 4

Buttress roots

Answer 4

Tall wall-like structures for increased support like in shallow soil

Question 5

What is the most important morphological trait for grouping plants by similarities?

Answer 5

The flower.

Question 6

Where does new growth come from?

Answer 6

Meristems (specialized cells), in all parts of the plant

Question 7

What do all “model” plants have? What is the exclusion?

Answer 7

Taproots, plants from the Poaceae (grass) family and other monocots have fibrous roots

Question 8

Where do dicotyledonous plants store their energy vs monocotyledonous of their seeds?

Answer 8

In cotyledons, versus in the endosperm

Question 9

Runners/stolon stems

Answer 9

creep along surface and root @ a distance from the plant with periodic nodes that produce new plantlets

Question 10

A short underground stem surrounded by swollen storage leaves at base that act as food for the next season

Answer 10

Bulb

Question 11

A spherical swollen underground storage stem

Answer 11

Tuber

Question 12

Rhizomes

Answer 12

Swollen underground stems that grow horizontally (ex. ginger)

Question 13

A modified leaf used by some vines to attach as they grow

Answer 13

Tendril

Question 14

Corm

Answer 14

Vertically compressed underground stems encased in dry scalelike leaves used for overwintering survival

Question 15

Plants that have male and female flowers on the same plant

Answer 15

Monocot

Question 16

Plants have only male or female flower on each plant

Answer 16

Dicot

Question 17

lateral meristems vs terminal/apical

Answer 17

width growth (cambium) vs end of stems, branches, and roots

Question 18

simple vs compounds fruit

Answer 18

born from a single ovary vs generated from multiple

Question 19

inferior ovary vs superior ovary

Answer 19

located below the sepals/petals vs located above

Question 20

pericarp

Answer 20

protective tissue surrounding the ovule/seed (includes endocarp, mesocarp, & exocarp)

Question 21

A fruit that splits vs does not

Answer 21

Dehiscent vs indehiscent

Question 22

A dry indehiscent fruit where the seed coat is fused to the pericarp

Answer 22

Grain/caryopsis

Question 23

A drupe

Answer 23

berry-like fruit w a seed encased in a hard endocarp

Question 24

Compound fruit from multiple ovaries but a single flower

Answer 24

aggregate fruit

Question 25

compound fruit from many ovaries born on separate flowers that fuse together during development

Answer 25

multiple fruit

Question 26

accessory fruit

Answer 26

fleshy part derived from tissue besides the ovary

Question 27

Charles Linneaus

Answer 27

Proposed the binomial nomenclature system to classify plants

Question 28

How would you write the grass family name?

Answer 28

Poaceae (italicize)

Question 29

a flower with both male and female sex organs is referred to as:

Answer 29

perfect

Question 30

What is the difference in stems between monocots and dicots?

Answer 30

Dicots vasculature forms a ring while it is scattered in monocots