Unit 1: Botany Basics Flashcards
Aerial Root
Don’t grow in soil: attach to other plants and absorb/retain water
A root that stores energy to provide resources for the following growth year
Storage roots
What roots are mangrove forests?
Prop roots; help support the trunk
Buttress roots
Tall wall-like structures for increased support like in shallow soil
What is the most important morphological trait for grouping plants by similarities?
The flower.
Where does new growth come from?
Meristems (specialized cells), in all parts of the plant
What do all “model” plants have? What is the exclusion?
Taproots, plants from the Poaceae (grass) family and other monocots have fibrous roots
Where do dicotyledonous plants store their energy vs monocotyledonous of their seeds?
In cotyledons, versus in the endosperm
Runners/stolon stems
creep along surface and root @ a distance from the plant with periodic nodes that produce new plantlets
A short underground stem surrounded by swollen storage leaves at base that act as food for the next season
Bulb
A spherical swollen underground storage stem
Tuber
Rhizomes
Swollen underground stems that grow horizontally (ex. ginger)
A modified leaf used by some vines to attach as they grow
Tendril
Corm
Vertically compressed underground stems encased in dry scalelike leaves used for overwintering survival
Plants that have male and female flowers on the same plant
Monocot
Plants have only male or female flower on each plant
Dicot
lateral meristems vs terminal/apical
width growth (cambium) vs end of stems, branches, and roots
simple vs compounds fruit
born from a single ovary vs generated from multiple
inferior ovary vs superior ovary
located below the sepals/petals vs located above
pericarp
protective tissue surrounding the ovule/seed (includes endocarp, mesocarp, & exocarp)
A fruit that splits vs does not
Dehiscent vs indehiscent
A dry indehiscent fruit where the seed coat is fused to the pericarp
Grain/caryopsis
A drupe
berry-like fruit w a seed encased in a hard endocarp
Compound fruit from multiple ovaries but a single flower
aggregate fruit
compound fruit from many ovaries born on separate flowers that fuse together during development
multiple fruit
accessory fruit
fleshy part derived from tissue besides the ovary
Charles Linneaus
Proposed the binomial nomenclature system to classify plants
How would you write the grass family name?
Poaceae (italicize)
a flower with both male and female sex organs is referred to as:
perfect
What is the difference in stems between monocots and dicots?
Dicots vasculature forms a ring while it is scattered in monocots
