UNIT 4: Chapter Nine - 4.4 & 4.5, Pages 218-230 Flashcards
Physical Geographic Boundaries
Natural barriers between areas such as oceans, deserts, and mountains.
Cultural Boundaries
Divide people according to some cultural division, such as language, religion, or ethnicity.
Antecedent Boundary
This type of boundary preceded the development of the cultural landscape. Before the present settlement.
Subsequent Boundary
This boundary is typically created while the cultural landscape is evolving and is subject to change over time.
Ethnographic
Related to cultural phenomena. (Subsequent boundaries are this)
Superimposed Boundary
This type of boundary is drawn by outside powers and may have ignored existing cultural patterns.
Landlocked States
Without territory connected to an ocean.
Relic Boundary
This is a boundary that has been abandoned for political purposes, but evidence of ti still exists on the landscape.
Geometric Boundary
A straight line or arc drawn by people that does not closely follow any physical feature.
Cultural Consequent Boundary
A border that is drawn taking into account language, ethnicity, religion, or other cultural traits.
Physical Consequent Boundary
A division that uses already-existing natural features that divide a territory such as rivers, deserts, or mountains.
Open Boundary
A boundary that is unguarded and people can cross it easily, with little or no political intervention.
Militarized Boundary
A boundary that is heavily guarded and discourages crossing.
Defined Boundary
Is established by a legal document, such as a treaty, that divides one entity from another (invisible line).
Delimited Boundary
Drawn on a map by a cartographer to show the limits of a space.
Demarcated Boundary
One identified by physical objects placed on the landscape.
Definitional Boundary Dispute
Occurs when two or more parties disagree over how to interpret the legal documents or maps that identify the boundary.
Irredentism
A type of expansionism when one country seeks to annex territory where it has cultural ties to part of the population or historical claims to the land.
Operational Boundary Dispute
Centers not on where a boundary is but how it functions. Disagreements can arise related to trade, transportation, or migration.
Allocational Boundary Dispute
When a boundary separates natural resources that may be used by both countries.
Administered Boundary
Important aspects of this are- How a boundary will be maintained, how it will function, and what goods and people will be allowed to cross.
Controlled Borders
Boundaries that have checkpoints where a passport or visa are required to enter the country.
Exclaves
Territories that are part of a state, yet geographically separated from the main state by one or more countries.
Political Enclaves
States, territories or parts of a state or territory that are completely surrounded by the territory of another state.
Shatterbelt
A place located between two very different and contentious regions.
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Between 1973 and 1982 it was signed by more than 150 countries, and it defined four zones: Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive economic zone (EEZ), and High Seas.
Territorial Sea
This area extends up to 12 nautical miles of sovereignty where commercial vessels may pass, but noncommercial vessels may be challenged. A nautical mile is equal to 1.15 land-measured miles.
Contiguous Zone
Coastal states have limited sovereignty for up to 24 nautical miles where they can enforce laws on customs, immigration, and sanitation.
Exclusive Economic Zone
Coastal states can explore, extract minerals, and manage natural resources up to 200 nautical miles.
High Seas
Water beyond any country’s EEZ that is open to all states.
Small Island Developing State
Control nearly 30 percent of all oceans and seas and their EEZs are much larger than their landmass. EEZ is very economically valuable to this.
