UNIT 3: Chapter Six - 3.2 & 3.3, Pages 138-153

Question 1

Placelessness

Answer 1

Where many modern cultural landscapes exhibit a great deal of homogeneity

Question 2

Cultural Landscape

Answer 2

The visible reflection of a culture.

Question 3

Traditional Architecture

Answer 3

Reflects a local culture’s history, beliefs, values, and community adaptations to the environment, and typically utilizes locally available materials.

Question 4

Contemporary Architecture

Answer 4

An extension of postmodern architecture. Uses multiple advances to create buildings that rotate, curve, and stretch the limits of size and height.

Question 5

Ethnicity

Answer 5

Membership within a group of people who have common experiences and share similar characteristics such as ancestry, language, customs, and history.

Question 6

Ethnic Enclaves

Answer 6

Clusters of people of the same culture.

Question 7

Gendered Spaces

Answer 7

Areas in which particular genders of people, and particular types of gender expression, are considered welcome or appropriate, and other types are unwelcome or inappropriate

Question 8

Cultural Regions

Answer 8

Determined based on characteristics such as religion, language, and ethnicity.

Question 9

Sacred Places

Answer 9

Specific places and natural features that have religious significance.

Question 10

Christian Landscape

Answer 10

Eastern Mediterranean tend to have dome-shaped roofs that reflect the traditional style of architecture popular with the Romans. Northen Europes have steep-pitched roofs designed for snow to slide off in the winter.

Question 11

Hindu Landscape

Answer 11

Temples have elaborately carved exteriors with multiple manifestations of deities or significant characters. Sacred sites, such as the Ganges River, provide pilgrims a palce to bathe for the purpose of purification. Many Hindu shrines and temples are located near rivers and streams for this very purpose.

Question 12

Buddhist Landscape

Answer 12

Differs widely from ethnic group to ethnic group. Most Buddhists emphasize meditating and living in harmony with nature. This is represented in stupas which are structures to store important relics and memorialize important events and beliefs.

Question 13

Jewish Landscape

Answer 13

Worship synagogues or temples. Once concentrated in the Middle East, Jews spread throughout the world because of exile or persecution, or through voluntary migration.

Question 14

Diaspora

Answer 14

When one group of people is dispersed to various locations.

Question 15

Islamic Landscape

Answer 15

The mosque is the most prominent structure on the landscape and is usually located in the center of town. They have domes surrounded by a few minarets (Arabic for beacon) from which daily prayer is called.

Question 16

Shinto Landscape

Answer 16

Emphasizes honoring one’s ancestors and the relationship between people and nature. One common landscape feature of Shinto shrines is an impressive gateway, or torii, to mark the transition from the outside world to a sacred space.

Question 17

Charter Group

Answer 17

The first group to establish cultural and religious customs in a space.

Question 18

Ethnic Islands (Rural)

Answer 18

Ethnic concentrations where their cultural imprints revolve around housing types and agricultural dwellings that reflect their heritage.

Question 19

Ethnic Neighborhoods (Urban)

Answer 19

Often occupied by migrants who settle in a charter group’s former space.

Question 20

Sequent Occupancy

Answer 20

The moving in and out of neighborhoods and the creating of new cultural imprints on the landscape by ethnic groups.

Question 21

Neolocalism

Answer 21

The process of re-embracing the uniqueness and authenticity of a place.

Question 22

Cultural Patterns.

Answer 22

Consist of related sets of cultural traits and complexes that create similar

Question 23

Culture Hearth.

Answer 23

Where a religion or ethnicity began

Question 24

Regional distribution of religions in the US.

Answer 24

Reflect historical patterns. Immigration of ancestors affects the ethnic and religious groups in a place.

Question 25

Nationality.

Answer 25

Based on people’s connection to a particular country

Question 26

Centripetal Forces.

Answer 26

Forces that unify a group of people or a region

Question 27

Centrifugal Forces.

Answer 27

Forces that divide a group of people or a region.

Question 28

Sharia.

Answer 28

The legal framework of a country is derived from Islamic edicts taken from their holy book, the Qur’an.

Question 29

Blue Laws.

Answer 29

Laws that restrict certain activities.

Question 30

Food taboos.

Answer 30

Prohibitions against eating and drinking certain items.

Question 31

Fundamentalism.

Answer 31

An attempt to follow a literal interpretation of a religious faith.

Question 32

Theocracies.

Answer 32

Countries whose governments are run by religious leaders through the use of religious laws.

Question 33

Ethnocentric.

Answer 33

People who believe their own cultural group is more important and superior to other cultures.

Question 34

Cultural Relativism.

Answer 34

The concept that a person’s or group’s beliefs, values, norms, and practices should be understood from the perspective of the other group’s culture.

Question 35

Cultural Appropriation.

Answer 35

The action of adopting traits, icons, or other elements of another culture. The concern is greater when the trait is adopted from a minority or oppressed cultural group. Concern increased if the trait is used out of context or in an inappropriate or disrespectful way.