UNIT 3: Chapter Six - 3.2 & 3.3, Pages 138-153 Flashcards
Placelessness
Where many modern cultural landscapes exhibit a great deal of homogeneity
Cultural Landscape
The visible reflection of a culture.
Traditional Architecture
Reflects a local culture’s history, beliefs, values, and community adaptations to the environment, and typically utilizes locally available materials.
Contemporary Architecture
An extension of postmodern architecture. Uses multiple advances to create buildings that rotate, curve, and stretch the limits of size and height.
Ethnicity
Membership within a group of people who have common experiences and share similar characteristics such as ancestry, language, customs, and history.
Ethnic Enclaves
Clusters of people of the same culture.
Gendered Spaces
Areas in which particular genders of people, and particular types of gender expression, are considered welcome or appropriate, and other types are unwelcome or inappropriate
Cultural Regions
Determined based on characteristics such as religion, language, and ethnicity.
Sacred Places
Specific places and natural features that have religious significance.
Christian Landscape
Eastern Mediterranean tend to have dome-shaped roofs that reflect the traditional style of architecture popular with the Romans. Northen Europes have steep-pitched roofs designed for snow to slide off in the winter.
Hindu Landscape
Temples have elaborately carved exteriors with multiple manifestations of deities or significant characters. Sacred sites, such as the Ganges River, provide pilgrims a palce to bathe for the purpose of purification. Many Hindu shrines and temples are located near rivers and streams for this very purpose.
Buddhist Landscape
Differs widely from ethnic group to ethnic group. Most Buddhists emphasize meditating and living in harmony with nature. This is represented in stupas which are structures to store important relics and memorialize important events and beliefs.
Jewish Landscape
Worship synagogues or temples. Once concentrated in the Middle East, Jews spread throughout the world because of exile or persecution, or through voluntary migration.
Diaspora
When one group of people is dispersed to various locations.
Islamic Landscape
The mosque is the most prominent structure on the landscape and is usually located in the center of town. They have domes surrounded by a few minarets (Arabic for beacon) from which daily prayer is called.
Shinto Landscape
Emphasizes honoring one’s ancestors and the relationship between people and nature. One common landscape feature of Shinto shrines is an impressive gateway, or torii, to mark the transition from the outside world to a sacred space.
Charter Group
The first group to establish cultural and religious customs in a space.
Ethnic Islands (Rural)
Ethnic concentrations where their cultural imprints revolve around housing types and agricultural dwellings that reflect their heritage.
Ethnic Neighborhoods (Urban)
Often occupied by migrants who settle in a charter group’s former space.
Sequent Occupancy
The moving in and out of neighborhoods and the creating of new cultural imprints on the landscape by ethnic groups.
Neolocalism
The process of re-embracing the uniqueness and authenticity of a place.
Cultural Patterns.
Consist of related sets of cultural traits and complexes that create similar
Culture Hearth.
Where a religion or ethnicity began
Regional distribution of religions in the US.
Reflect historical patterns. Immigration of ancestors affects the ethnic and religious groups in a place.
Nationality.
Based on people’s connection to a particular country
Centripetal Forces.
Forces that unify a group of people or a region
Centrifugal Forces.
Forces that divide a group of people or a region.
Sharia.
The legal framework of a country is derived from Islamic edicts taken from their holy book, the Qur’an.
Blue Laws.
Laws that restrict certain activities.
Food taboos.
Prohibitions against eating and drinking certain items.
Fundamentalism.
An attempt to follow a literal interpretation of a religious faith.
Theocracies.
Countries whose governments are run by religious leaders through the use of religious laws.
Ethnocentric.
People who believe their own cultural group is more important and superior to other cultures.
Cultural Relativism.
The concept that a person’s or group’s beliefs, values, norms, and practices should be understood from the perspective of the other group’s culture.
Cultural Appropriation.
The action of adopting traits, icons, or other elements of another culture. The concern is greater when the trait is adopted from a minority or oppressed cultural group. Concern increased if the trait is used out of context or in an inappropriate or disrespectful way.
