UNIT 3: Chapter Seven - 3.7 & 3.8, Pages 171-184

Question 1

Linguists

Answer 1

Scientists who study languages.

Question 2

Language Tree

Answer 2

The relationship among the language families is shown in these.

Question 3

Indo-European Language Family

Answer 3

A large group of languages that might have descended from a language spoken around 6,000 years ago.

Question 4

Romance Languages

Answer 4

The unifying language of Latin diverged into dozens of distinct regional languages.

Question 5

Isoglosses

Answer 5

Boundaries between variations in pronunciations or word usage.

Question 6

Dialects

Answer 6

Variations in accent, grammar, usage, and spelling create these.

Question 7

Adages

Answer 7

Sayings that attempt to express a truth about life.

Question 8

Toponyms

Answer 8

The names of places.

Question 9

Official Language

Answer 9

One designated by the law to be the language of government.

Question 10

Homogenous

Answer 10

Made up largely of ethnically similar people.

Question 11

Adherents

Answer 11

Believers in their faith.

Question 12

Ethnic Religions

Answer 12

Belief traditions that emphasize strong cultural characteristics among their followers.

Question 13

Universal Religions

Answer 13

A region that actively seeks converts to its faith regardless of their ethnic backgrounds.

Question 14

Hinduism

Answer 14

Includes the worship of many deities, polytheistic.

Question 15

Polytheistic

Answer 15

Having many gods.

Question 16

Monotheistic

Answer 16

Having one god.

Question 17

Karma

Answer 17

The idea that behaviors have consequences in the present life or future life– and in dharma –which means the righteous path.

Question 18

Caste System

Answer 18

A rigid class structure (shaped Indian society).

Question 19

Buddhism

Answer 19

Grew out of the teachings of a prince named Siddhartha who lived around 600 B.C.E. Accepting many beliefs of Hinduism but rejecting the caste system, Siddhartha became known as the Buddha, or “enlightened one.”

Question 20

Four Noble Truths

Answer 20

Where Buddhist doctrines became summarized.

Question 21

Eightfold Path

Answer 21

If followed, believed to eliminate desire and suffering.

Question 22

Sikhism

Answer 22

Relatively new. Founded by Guru Nanak in the Punjab region that crosses the border of India and Pakistan during the 16th century.

Question 23

Gurdwara

Answer 23

A Sikh’s place of worship.

Question 24

Judaism

Answer 24

Among the first monotheistic faiths. Believe that the writing known as the Torah express divine will.

Question 25

Torah

Answer 25

Supplemented by other writings as well as unwritten laws and customs.

Question 26

Holocaust

Answer 26

During World War II. The systematic murder of six million Jews by Nazi Germany.

Question 27

Christianity

Answer 27

Followers of a Jewish teacher, Jesus, evolved into their own religion based on the belief that Jesus was the son of God and the savior of humans.

Question 28

Islam

Answer 28

Religion is followed by Muslims. Muslims believe that Allah– the Arabic word for God –revealed his teachings to humans through a series of prophets.

Question 29

Five Pillars

Answer 29

Belief in one god– Allah, Ritual Player, Almsgiving, Fasting, and Pilgrimage to Mecca

Question 30

Sunni

Answer 30

90 Percent of Adherents of this subdivision in Islam

Question 31

Shia

Answer 31

10 Percent of Adherents of this subdivision in Islam

Question 32

Pilgrimage

Answer 32

A religious journey taken by a person to a sacred place of his or her religion.

Question 33

Acculturation

Answer 33

An ethnic or immigrant group moving to a new area adopts the values and practices of the larger group that has received them, while still maintaining valuable elements of their own culture.

Question 34

Assimilation

Answer 34

When an ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving group.

Question 35

Syncretism

Answer 35

The fusion or blending of two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid trait.

Question 36

Multiculturalism

Answer 36

The coexistence of several cultures in one society with the ideal of all cultures being valued and worthy of study.

Question 37

Nativists

Answer 37

(anti-immigrant), attitudes that sometimes bring violence and government actions against the immigrant or minority group.