Unit 4, Chapter 11: The Respiratory System Flashcards
Define Respiratory System
The group of organs that provides living things with oxygen from outside the body and disposes of waste products such as carbon dioxide.
What is the group of organs that provides living things with oxygen from outside the body and disposes of waste products such as carbon dioxide known as?
Respiratory System
Define Respiration
All of the processes involved in bringing oxygen into the body, making it available to each cell, and eliminating carbon dioxide as waste.
What are all of the processes involved in bringing oxygen into the body, making it available to each cell, and eliminating carbon dioxide as waste known as?
Respiration
Define Inspiration
The action of drawing oxygen-rich air into the lungs.
What is the action of drawing oxygen-rich air into the lungs known as?
Inspiration
Define Expiration
The action of releasing waste air from the lungs.
What is the action of releasing waste air from the lungs known as?
Expiration
Define Gas Exchange
The transfer of oxygen from inhaled air into the blood, and of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs; it is the primary function of the lungs.
What is the transfer of oxygen from inhaled air into the blood, and of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs known as?
Gas Exchange
Define Ventilation
The process of drawing, or pumping, an oxygen-containing medium over a respiratory surface.
What is the process of drawing, or pumping, an oxygen-containing medium over a respiratory surface known as?
Ventilation
Describe Diffusion Gradient
Describes the relationship in which a dissolved substance moves from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
What is the relationship in which a dissolved substance moves from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration known as?
Diffusion Gradient
Define Diaphragm
A sheet of muscle that separates the thoraic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
What is a sheet of muscle that separates the thoraic cavity from the abdominal cavity known as?
Diaphragm
Define Spirograph
A graph representing the amount (volume) and speed (rate of flow) of air that is inhaled and exhaled, as measured by a spirometer.
What is a graph representing the amount (volume) and speed (rate of flow) of air that is inhaled and exhaled known as?
Spirograph
Define Tidal Volume
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing.
What is the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing known as?
Tidal Volume
Define Inspiratory Reserve Volume
The volume of air that can be taken into the lungs beyond the regular tidal inhalation.
What is the volume of air that can be taken into the lungs beyond the regular tidal inhalation known as?
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Define Expiratory Reserve Volume
The volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs beyond the regular tidal exhalation.
What is the volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs beyond the regular tidal exhalation known as?
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Define Vital Capacity
The total maximum volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during a single breath.
What is the total maximum volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during a single breath known as?
Vital Capacity
Define Residual Volume
The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a complete exhalation.
What is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a complete exhalation known as?
Residual Volume
Organisms in different environments have specialized breathing structures that are adapted to exchange _____ with their external environment.
Organisms in different environments have specialized breathing structures that are adapted to exchange gases with their external environment.
Fish use a _____ exchange mexhanism to efficently exchange gases with the water that moves over their _____.
Fish use a counter-current exchange mexhanism to efficently exchange gases with the water that moves over their gills.
All oxygen-breathing, terrestrial animals must maintain a _____ respiratory surface for gas exchange to occur.
All oxygen-breathing, terrestrial animals must maintain a moist respiratory surface for gas exchange to occur.
In humans, inspiration and expiration involve co-ordination between the _____, the _____ muscles, and the _____ cage.
In humans, inspiration and expiration involve co-ordination between the diaphragm, the intercoastal muscles, and the rib cage.
_____, the maximum volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during a single breath, can be represented with a _____.
Vital capacity, the maximum volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during a single breath, can be represented with a spirograph.