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Grade 11 - SBI3U > Unit 1, Chapter 1: Classifying Life's Diversity > Flashcards

Unit 1, Chapter 1: Classifying Life's Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

This pink iguana is found only in the crater of Wolf Volcano on Isabela Island in the Galapagos Islands. How might scientists determine whether this pink iguana is a different species from other iguanas living on the the same island?

A

Scientists may analyze differences between the two organisms, such as size, appearance, behaviour, or chemistry.

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2
Q

This phylogenetic tree shows the evolutionary relationships among various species of plant-eating hooved mammals. To which other organism shown in the phylogenetic tree is Cervus elaphus most cloesly related?

A

Rangifer tarandus

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3
Q

Which kingdom has species whose cells do not have cell walls?

Animalia

Archaea

Bacteria

Plantae

Protista

A

Animalia

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4
Q

Which term describes an identification tool that uses a series of two-part choices?

Binomial Nomenclature

Dichotomous Key

Phylogenetic Tree

Phylogenetic Key

Taxonomic Key

A

Dichotomous Key

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5
Q

Which type of diversity describes the variety of heritable characteristics in a population of interbreeding individuals?

Biodiversity

Ecosystem Diversity

Evolutionary Diversity

Genetic Diversity

Species Diversity

A

Genetic Diversity

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6
Q

Which species concept focuses on the evolutionary relationships among organisms?

Morphological Species Concept

Biological Species Concept

Phylogenetic Species Concept

Taxonomic Species Concept

Hierarchical Species Concept

A

Phylogenetic Species Concept

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7
Q

In which kingdom would you place an organism that is multicellular, has a cell wall made of cellulose and is autorophic?

Bacteria

Archaea

Protista

Plantae

Fungi

A

Plantae

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8
Q

Which structure that makes up genes is of most interest to modern taxonomist?

Glucose

Chitin

Cellulose

Eukaryote

DNA

A

DNA

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9
Q

What is the main benefit to scientists using the same system to classify living things?

A

It allows scientists to communicate easily and reduces confusion.

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10
Q

Explain the meaning of the term binomial nomenclature.

A

Binomial nomenclature is a two-part naming system consisting of the generic name and specific classification.

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11
Q

What is a domain? Give an example of a domain.

A

A domain is a taxon with a rank higher than kingdom in the modern classification system. An example of a domain is Eukarya, Bacteria or Archaea.

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12
Q

Which organisms are more closely related, those in the same genus or those in the same family?

A

Same Genus

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13
Q

True or False: Some species of bacterium are eukaryotes.

A

False, all bacteria are prokaryotes.

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14
Q

True or False: Species in the same family are more closely related to one another than species in the same class.

A

True

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15
Q

True or False: The morphological species concept classifies organisms based on their evolutionary histories.

A

False, the phylogenetic species concept classifies organisms based on their evolutionary histories.

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16
Q

The little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) is common throughout northwestern Ontario. The norther long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) is also found in many regions of Canada. Explain the taxonomic relationship between these two mammals.

A

They belong to the same genus but different species.

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17
Q

Describe how anatomical evidence can be used to indicate the shared evolutionary history of whales, bats, horses and humans.

A

Similar anatomical structures (like bones) in similar places (attached to torso) made of similar parts (long bones, etc.).

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18
Q

You have discovered an unknown organism while on a field trip. You think it is a new species of protist. How could you test to identify this species as a protist? What data would you need to classify it in kingdom Protista?

A

I would examine it under the microscope. I would also test the substance that makes up the cell wall (if it has one). I would look for chloroplasts to see if it is an autotroph. The data I need includes the number of cells, the presence or absence of a nuclear membrane and a cell wall, and the substance the cell wall is made of.

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19
Q

Many agricultural crops are known as monocultures, in which a single species is cultivated in a large field. Identify some problems that might occur in monocultures, given experiments that show the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem efficiency.

A

A monoculture is less likely to resist the invasion of non-native plants, resist disease, grow as much biomass, and remove as much nitrate.

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20
Q

The scientific name of a Bengal tiger is Panthera tigris tigris, and the Siberian tiger’s scientific name is Panthera tigris altaica. The third term in each name identifies the subspecies of these animals. Why do you think taxonomists added the third term to the scientific names of these animals?

A

To differentiate them so that population counts could be accurate. They are still the same species (they can interbreed) but they have enough common variation to distinguish them. It will help conservation efforts.

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21
Q

In 2005, a hunter shot what he thought was a polar bear in the Canadian Arctic. The bear was brownish white and had some other features not typical of a polar bear. Genetic tests proved it was a hybrid, the offspring of a grizzly bear and a polar bear mating. Your friend says that this is evidence that polar bears and grizzly bears are the same species. Do you agree? What other information might you want to know before you agree or disagree? Explain your reasoning.

A

The determination of species may need further study, such as whether or not the off spring are fertile.

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22
Q

Which is the correct order of the categories of classification, from most diverse to most specific?

Kingdom, domain, phylum, family, class, order, species, genus.

Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain.

Kingdom, family, domain, species, genus, phylum, class, order.

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

Domain, kingdom, phylum, family, class, order, species, genus.

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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23
Q

Of the organisms listed below, which is the closest relative of the snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus)?

Barn Owl (Tyto alba)

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

Saw-Whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus)

Eastern Screech Owl (Megascops asio)

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia)

A

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)

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24
Q

Which two kingdoms are not classified in the domain Eukarya?

Protista and Fungi

Plantae and Animalia

Bacteria and Fungi

Archaea and Protista

Bacteria and Archaea

A

Bacteria and Archaea

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25
Q

The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) and viceroy butterfly (Limenitis archippus) look almost identical. Which species concept might have led taxonomists to classify them as the same species?

Phylogenetic Species Concept

Linnaean Species Concept

Biological Species Concept

Morphological Species Concept

Binomial Species Concept

A

Morphological Species Concept

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26
Q

An autotrophic prokaryote with no cell wall would be found in which kingdom?

Archaea

Bacteria

Protista

Fungi

Plantae

A

Archaea

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27
Q

Which species concept focuses on the ability of organisms to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring?

Morphological Species Concept

Biological Species Concept

Phylogenetic Species Concept

Taxonomic Species Concept

Hierarchical Species Concept

A

Biological Species Concept

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28
Q

Which statement about binomial nomenclature is false?

An organism’s scientific name is made up of two words.

The first word of an organism’s scientific name is its genus, and the second word is its species.

The scientific name is italicized if typed.

The scientific name is underlined if handwritten.

Both the genus and species names are capitalized.

A

Both the genus and species names are capitalized.

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29
Q

The following is an example of a tool used by taxonomists to divide Order Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises) into two suborders.

1a. have baleen plated for filtering food from water ………… Suborder Mysticeti: baleen whales

1b. have teeth ………… Suborder Odontoceti: toothed whales

What is the name of this taxonomic tool?

Scientific Name

Binomial Nomenclature

Phylogenetic Species Concept

Dichotomous Key

Hierarchical Classification

A

Dichotomous Key

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30
Q

Identify the level of diversity that is evident in the vaiety of inherited traits within a species.

Species Diversity

Genetic Diversity

Ecosystem Diversity

Taxonomic Diversity

Phylogenetic Diversity

A

Phylogenetic Diversity

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31
Q

Which is not a benefit of understanding the evolutionary relationships among species?

Discovering the source of new medicines.

Discovering new proteins or chemicals.

Identifying biological controls through use of natural predators.

Protecting and conserving exitsing species.

Determining the number of wolves in an area.

A

Determining the number of wolves in an area.

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32
Q

Identify the kingdom in which you would place a single-celled, eukaryotic organism that makes its own food.

A

Protista

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33
Q

The clouded leopard is a medium-sized wildcat found in the forests of Asia. In a study comparing differences in clouded leopard coat patterns and coloration throughout the cat’s range, researchers concluded that individuals found on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra are markedly different from animals found on the Southeast Asian mainland. These observations have been supported by genetic testing. Based on this information, are the clouded leopards of Borneo and Sumatra the same species as those on the mainland, or are the two groups different species? Explain your reasoning.

A

Using the genetic species concept, they are different species. Using the morphological species concept they are the same species. Not enough information to tell using the biological species concept.

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34
Q

Rhizopus stolonifer can be found growing on an old loaf of bread or a piece of fruit that has been sitting on the counter for several days. Members of this species cannot make their own food, and they have a cell wall. Is there enough information provided above to definitively place this species in one of the six kingdoms? Explain why or why not.

A

No, because you cannot tell if it is a fungus like protist or a fungus.

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35
Q

Define the term ecosystem services and list five examples of the world’s ecosystem services.

A

Ecosystem services are the benefits experienced by organisms, which are provided by sustainable ecosystems. This could be to supply raw materials, treat waste, supply water, produce food and recycle nutrients. There are other examples though.

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36
Q

While hiking in the Hudson Bay Lowlands, you find a multicellular organism growing on the bark of a dying black spruce tree. Under a microscope, you observe that its cells are eukaryotic, have cell wall and do not contain chloroplasts. Into what kingdom would you classify this organism? Explain why.

A

It is a fungi because it is multicellular, has cell walls and is heterotrophic.

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37
Q

In the 1800s, Irish farmers planted a large number of potatoes that were genetically identical to one another. When a potato disease swept through the country in the 1840s, the potatoes, and the people who depended on them for food, were devastated. Explain how the lack of genetic diversity of the potatoes grown in Ireland could have contributed to a period of low or no crop yield and widespread starvation.

A

The disease killed them all. They were not genetically diverse and had no immunity.

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38
Q

Define Anatomy

A

The branch of biology that deals with structures and form, including internal systems.

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39
Q

Define Ancestor

A

An organism (or organisms) from which other groups of organisms are descended.

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40
Q

Define Autotroph

A

An organism that captures energy from sunlight (or sometimes non-living substances) to produce its own energy-yielding food.

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41
Q

Define Binomial Nomenclature

A

The system of giving a two-word Latin name to each species - the first part is the genus and the second part is the species.

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42
Q

Define Classification

A

The grouping of organisms based on a set of criteria that helps to organize and indicate evolutionary relationships.

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43
Q

Define Dichotomous Key

A

An identification tool consisting of a series of two-part choices that lead the user to a correct identification.

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44
Q

Define Ecosystem Diversity

A

The variety of ecosystems in the biosphere.

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45
Q

Define Eukaryotic (Cell)

A

A larger, complex type of cell that does have a membrane-bound nucleus.

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46
Q

Define Gene Pool

A

All the genes of all the individuals in a population.

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47
Q

Define Genetic Diversity

A

The variety of heritable characteristics (genes) in a population of interbreeding individual.

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48
Q

Define Genus (plural genera)

A

Taxonomic group of a closely related species.

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49
Q

Define Heterotroph

A

An organism that cannot make its own food and gets its nutrients and energy from consuming other organisms.

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50
Q

Define Hierarchical Classification

A

The method of classifying organisms in which species are arranged in categories from most general to most specific.

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51
Q

Define Morphology

A

The branch of biology that deals with the structure or form of organisms.

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52
Q

Define Phylogenetic Tree

A

A branching diagram used to show the evolutionary relationships among species.

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53
Q

Define Phylogeny

A

The evolutionary history of a species.

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54
Q

Define Physiology

A

The branch of biology dealing with the physical and chemical functions of organisms, including internal processes.

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55
Q

Define Population

A

A group of individuals of the same species in a specific area at a specific time.

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56
Q

Define Prokaryotic (Cell)

A

A smaller, simple type of cell that does not have a membrane-bound nucleus.

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57
Q

Define Rank

A

A level in a classification scheme, such as phylum or order.

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58
Q

Define Resilience

A

The ability of an ecosystem to remain functional and stable in the presence of disturbances to its parts.

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59
Q

Define Species

A

A group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring.

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60
Q

Define Species Diversity

A

The variety and abundance of species in a given area.

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61
Q

Define Structural Diversity

A

A type of biological diversity that is exhibited in the variety of structural forms in living things, from internal cell structure to body morphology.

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62
Q

Define Taxon (plural taxa)

A

A named group of organisms such as phylum Chordata or order Rodentia.

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63
Q

Define Taxonomy

A

The branch of biology that identifies, names, and classifies species based on natural features.

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64
Q

What is the branch of biology that deals with structures and form, including internal systems known as?

A

Anatomy

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65
Q

What is an organism (or organisms) from which other groups of organisms are descended known as?

A

Ancestor

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66
Q

What is an organism that captures energy from sunlight (or sometimes non-living substances) to produce its own energy-yielding food known as?

A

Autotroph

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67
Q

What is the system of giving a two-word Latin name to each species known as?

A

Binomial Nomenclature

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68
Q

What is the grouping of organisms based on a set of criteria that helps to organize and indicate evolutionary relationships known as?

A

Classification

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69
Q

What is an identification tool consisting of a series of two-part choices that lead the user to a correct identification known as?

A

Dichotomous Key

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70
Q

What is the variety of ecosystems in the biosphere known as?

A

Ecosystem Diversity

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71
Q

What is a larger, complex type of cell that does have a membrane-bound nucleus known as?

A

Eukaryotic Cell

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72
Q

What are all the genes of all the individuals in a population known as?

A

Gene Pool

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73
Q

What is the variety of heritable characteristics (genes) in a population of interbreeding individual known as?

A

Genetic Diversity

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74
Q

What is a taxonomic group of closely related species known as?

A

Genus (plural genera)

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75
Q

What is an organism that cannot make its own food and gets its nutrients and energy from consuming other organisms known as?

A

Heterotroph

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76
Q

What is the method of classifying organisms in which species are arranged in categories from most general to most specific known as?

A

Hierarchical Classification

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77
Q

What is the branch of biology that deals with the structure or form of organisms known as?

A

Morphology

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78
Q

What is a branching diagram used to show the evolutionary relationships among species known as?

A

Phylogenetic Tree

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79
Q

What is the evolutionary history of a species known as?

A

Phylogeny

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80
Q

What is the branch of biology dealing with the physical and chemical functions of organisms, including internal processes known as?

A

Physiology

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81
Q

What is a group of individuals of the same species in a specific area at a specific time known as?

A

Population

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82
Q

What is a smaller, simple type of cell that does not have a membrane-bound nucleus known as?

A

Prokaryotic Cell

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83
Q

What is a level in a classification scheme, such as phylum or order known as?

A

Rank

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84
Q

What is the ability of an ecosystem to remain functional and stable in the presence of disturbances to its parts known as?

A

Resilience

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85
Q

What is a group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring known as?

A

Species

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86
Q

What is the variety and abundance of species in a given area known as?

A

Species Diversity

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87
Q

What is the type of biological diversity that is exhibited in the variety of structural from in living things, from internal cell structure to body morphology known as?

A

Structural Diversity

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88
Q

What is a named group of organisms such as phylum Chordata or order Rodentia known as?

A

Taxon (plural taxa)

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89
Q

What is the branch of biology that identifies, names, and classifies species based on natural features known as?

A

Taxonomy

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90
Q

Explain why it is important to everyone in society for scientists to identify, define and name species.

A

Scientists must identify, define, and name species to ensure species are correctly described using scientifically accepted standards. Correctly naming species allows scientists to communicate and share findings about endangered species, disease causing organisms and their cures, native and invasive species. The scientific name reduces any confusion about what species are being discussed. In comparison, the common name can vary regionally.

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91
Q

Explain why there are several different species concepts, rather than a single definition for a species.

A

Species exhibit tremendous variation and each of the species concepts has limits as to how it can be applied.

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92
Q

State which presentation of the scientific name for the domesticated dog is correct. Then explain why it is correct and why the other three are incorrect.

A) Canis familiaris

B) Canis familiaris

C) Canis familiaris

D) Canis Familiaris

A

B is correct because both parts of the name are italicized, the genus name is capitalized, and the species
portion begins with a lowercase letter. A is incorrect because the name is typed and underlined. Th e name should only be underlined if it is hand written. C is incorrect because it is not italicized. D is incorrect because the species portion is capitalized.

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93
Q

Explain the advantages of using binomial nomenclature rather than common names to refer to organisms.

A

Because each species has only a single (2-part) scientific name that is applied throughout the world in all languages. People discussing the same species can communicate without the confusion of multiple common names.

94
Q

The offspring of a horse and a donkey is a mule. Mules are unable to reproduce. Are horses and donkeys members of the same species? Why or why not? Use the biological species concept to explain why or why not.

A

According to the biological species concept, donkeys and horses are not members of the same species because the horse and the donkey produce mules, which although viable, are not fertile.

95
Q

What is the main goal of modern classification?

A

The main goal of modern classification is to assign species to taxa so that the classification reflects both morphological similarities and hypotheses about their evolutionary history.

96
Q

Scientists often reclassify organisms as new information is discovered. Why is it important for scientists to continue to classify and reclassify organisms?

A

New information might show that previous classifications did not reflect the most accurate relationships between organisms. Therefore, new species need to be classified and previously identified species may need to be reclassified according to the most up-to-date information.

97
Q

Sharks and dolphins have similar morphological characteristics. They both have fins and bodies shaped for swimming. How could examining their anatomy and physiology help to further classify these two organisms?

A

By examining their anatomy and physiology in greater detail, one could determine how many characteristics they have in common and therefore, exactly how closely related the two groups really are.

98
Q

Refer to the figure below. Which pair of organisms in the diagram do you think are is most cloesly related?

Pair A: A giant panda and a red panda.

Pair B: A red panda and a raccoon.

Explain your reasoning.

A

Pair B, a red panda and a raccoon, are more closely related because they are found on the same branch of the tree diagram.

99
Q

Many animal species have red blood cells that contain the oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin. Chickens (45), dogs (15), gorillas (1), frogs (57) and humans are included in this list. The number in brackets represents the number of amino acid differences between human hemoglobin and the hemoglobin of the other species. Based on this information, rank these animals from most closely to least closely related to humans,

A

Most closely related are gorillas (1), followed by dogs (15), chickens (45), and frogs (57).

100
Q

Explain how scientists overcome the impractical task of studying the structural diversity of life at the species level.

A

Scientists look for similarities and differences at a much higher taxonomic rank, such as kingdoms or even domains.

101
Q

What led scientists to add the category called domain to modern classification systems?

A

The study of cell types and genes led scientists to add a rank higher than kingdom, called the domain.

102
Q

The following is the first step in a tool used by taxonomists to classify vertebrate animals. Identify this tool and describe how it works.

1a. Hair present ………………. Class Mammalia
1b. Hair absent ………………. go to Step 2

A

The tool is a dichotomous key. A dichotomous key consists of a number of steps, each of which has two choices. In this case, the animal either has hair or it does not have hair.

103
Q

Describe the difference among the three types of biodiversity.

A

Genetic diversity: refers to the variety of heritable characteristics (genes) in a species; species diversity: refers to the variety and abundance of species in a given area; ecosystem diversity: refers to the variety of ecosystems in the biosphere

104
Q

What is a gene pool?

A

A gene pool is the sum of all the versions of all the genes in a population.

105
Q

Explain why genetic diversity within a species is always greater than the genetic diversity within an individual population.

A

Gene pools of different populations usually contain different types or combinations of versions of genes. All of these variations are contained by the species, which therefore has larger genetic diversity than the gene pools of any given population.

106
Q

Explain why genetic diversity is important to the survival of a species.

A

Genetic diversity increases the likelihood that a species can survive changes in their environment, such as climate change, a change in resource availability, a change in a population of predators, the introduction of a non-native species, or a disease.

107
Q

To date, scientists have identified about _____ species on earth.

A

To date, scientists have identified about 2 million species on earth.

108
Q

It is estimated that the total number of species on earth ranges between _____ million to _____ million.

A

It is estimated that the total number of species on earth ranges between 5 million to 20 million.

109
Q

A Swedish scientist named _____ came up with the system for naming species. This system is called _____.

A

A Swedish scientist named Carolus Linnaeus came up with the system for naming species. This system is called binomial nomenclature.

110
Q

If two species share much of the same evolutionary history then they are more closely related and have a fairly recent common _____.

A

If two species share much of the same evolutionary history then they are more closely related and have a fairly recent common ancestor.

111
Q

Similar anatomical structures are referred to as _____ structures.

A

Similar anatomical structures are referred to as homologous structures.

112
Q

Homologous structures suggest a similar or common _____.

A

Homologous structures suggest a similar or common evolutionary history.

113
Q

Proteins are coded for by _____ within the DNA.

A

Proteins are coded for by genes within the DNA.

114
Q

By comparing the similarities in proteins between two different organisms, you are actually comparing the degree of _____ similarity (or difference) between the organisms.

A

By comparing the similarities in proteins between two different organisms, you are actually comparing the degree of genetic similarity (or difference) between the organisms.

115
Q

The more similar the _____ sequence is in the DNA of two different organisms, the more closely related (in terms of _____ history) those organisms are thought to be.

A

The more similar the nucleotide sequence is in the DNA of two different organisms, the more closely related (in terms of evolutionary history) those organisms are thought to be.

116
Q

_____ means “before the nucleus.”

A

Prokaryotic means “before the nucleus.”

117
Q

_____ means “true nucleus.”

A

Eukaryotic means “true nucleus.”

118
Q

Genetic diversity supports _____ biology.

A

Genetic diversity supports conservation biology.

119
Q

Ecosystems with greater species diversity have been shown to be more stable and more _____.

A

Ecosystems with greater species diversity have been shown to be more stable and more resilient.

120
Q

What is the morphological species concept based on?

A

Appearance

121
Q

What is the biological species concept based on?

A

Ability to naturally breed and produce viable offspring that is not sterile.

122
Q

What is the phylogenetic species concept based on?

A

Evolutionary relationships among organisms.

123
Q

What species concept is based on appearance?

A

Morphological Species Concept

124
Q

What species concept is based on the ability to naturally breed and produce viable offspring that is not sterile?

A

Biological Species Concept

125
Q

What species concept is based on evolutionary relationships among organisms?

A

Phylogenetic Species Concept

126
Q

What is an advantage to the morphological species concept?

A

The simplicity makes it the most widely used, especially for plants.

127
Q

What is an advantage to the biological species concept?

A

The concept is widely used by scientists.

128
Q

What is an advantage to the phylogenetic species concept?

A

Can be applied to extinct species. Can use DNA analysis, which is becoming more common.

129
Q

What is an disadvantage to the morphological species concept?

A

Decisions have to be made about how much difference is too much difference. Not all in a population are identical.

130
Q

What is an disadvantage to the biological species concept?

A

Not always applicable. When two populations are physically separated they can’t naturally interbreed. Can’t be applied to asexual organisms or fossil species that are no longer reproducing.

131
Q

What is an disadvantage to the phylogenetic species concept?

A

Evolutionary histories are not known for all species.

132
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Bacteria autotrophs, heterotrophs or both?

A

Both

133
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Archaea autotrophs, heterotrophs or both?

A

Both

134
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Protista autotrophs, heterotrophs or both?

A

Both

135
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Plantae autotrophs, heterotrophs or both?

A

Autotrophs

136
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Fungi autotrophs, heterotrophs or both?

A

Heterotrophs

137
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Animalia autotrophs, heterotrophs or both?

A

Heterotrophs

138
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Bacteria sexual, asexual or both?

A

Asexual

139
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Archaea sexual, asexual or both?

A

Asexual

140
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Protista sexual, asexual or both?

A

Both

141
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Plantae sexual, asexual or both?

A

Sexual

142
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Fungi sexual, asexual or both?

A

Sexual

143
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Animalia sexual, asexual or both?

A

Sexual

144
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

When two parents combine to form offspring with a unique combination of genes.

145
Q

What is it called when two parents combine to form offspring with a unique combination of genes?

A

Sexual Reproduction

146
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

When only one parent produces genetically identical offspring.

147
Q

What is it called when only one parent produces genetically identical offspring?

A

Asexual Reproduction

148
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Bacteria unicellular, multicellular or both?

A

Unicellular

149
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Archaea unicellular, multicellular or both?

A

Unicellular

150
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Protista unicellular, multicellular or both?

A

Both

151
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Plantae unicellular, multicellular or both?

A

Multicellular

152
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Fungi unicellular, multicellular or both?

A

Mostly Multicellular

153
Q

Are organisms in the kingdom Animalia unicellular, multicellular or both?

A

Multicellular

154
Q

Before Domains, what was the highest category for classifying organisms?

A

Kingdoms

155
Q

What were the two original kingdoms?

A

Plants and Animals

156
Q

What are the three reasons genetic diversity are important?

A

Genetic diversity provides resistance to disease, leads to the evolutoin of a species and help species survive changing environmental conditions.

157
Q

Using the attached dichotomous key, determine the scientific name for the dog.

A

Canis familiaris

158
Q

Using the attached dichotomous key, determine the scientific name for the shark.

A

Carcharodon carcharias

159
Q

Using the attached dichotomous key, determine the scientific name for poison ivy.

A

Rhus toxicodendron

160
Q

Using the attached dichotomous key, determine the scientific name for the skunk.

A

Mephitis mephitis

161
Q

Using the attached dichotomous key, determine the scientific name for the turkey.

A

Meleagris gallopavo

162
Q

Using the attached dichotomous key, determine the scientific name for the pine tree.

A

Pinus ponderosa

163
Q

Using the attached dichotomous key, determine the scientific name for the bald eagle.

A

Haliaeetus leucocephalus

164
Q

Using the attached dichotomous key, determine the scientific name for the mosquito.

A

Ochloerotstus taeniorhynchus

165
Q

Which of the following is not a species concept?

Reproductive

Morphological

Biological

Phylogenetic

They are all species concepts.

A

Reproductive

166
Q

What is a disadvantage or challenge in using the morphological species concept?

Almost all populations are made up of non-identical individuals.

It cannot be applied to organisms that reproduce asexually.

Plants are classified using this method.

Evolutionary histories are not known for all species.

Some organisms are geographically isolated.

A

Almost all populations are made up of non-identical individuals.

167
Q

Which species concept focuses on the ability of organisms to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring?

Morphological Species Concept

Taxonomic Species Concept

Biological Species Concept

Phylogenetic Species Concept

Hierarchal Species Concept

A

Biological Species Concept

168
Q

Which technology allowed for the refinement of the phylogenetic species concept?

Microscopes

DNA Analysis

Biogeographical Analysis

Computer Programs

MRI and CT Scans

A

DNA Analysis

169
Q

The scientific name of an organisms is composed of:

the genus name and then the family name.

the species name and then the genus name.

the genus name and then the species name.

the family name and then the genus name.

the species name and then the family name.

A

the genus name and then the species name.

170
Q

Which hierarchical rank does Canis refer to in the species name Canis Lupus?

Species

Genus

Family

Kingdom

Phylum

A

Genus

171
Q

What is the correct order of taxonomic ranks from most general to most specific?

Domain, kingdom, family, class, order, genus, species, phylum.

Species, genus, family, order, domain, class, phylum, kingdom.

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

Phylum, kingdom, domain, species, genus, class, order, family.

Genus, species, order, family, phylum, kingdom, class, domain.

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

172
Q

Which two organisms are most closely related?

Organisms in the same family and different genus.

Organisms in the same kingdom and different phylum.

Organisms in the same class and different order.

Organisms in the same phylum and different class.

Organisms in the same genus but different species.

A

Organisms in the same genus but different species.

173
Q

Which set or organisms would belong to the Eukarya domain?

mushroom, bacteria, tree

daisy, mushroom, dog

archaea, mushroom, dog

tree, daisy, bacteria

archaea, bacteria, mushroom

A

daisy, mushroom, dog

174
Q

Which of the following is the best defenition of the word physiology?

How organisms look.

How organisms function.

The phylogeny of organisms.

The physical features of organisms.

The genetic relationships between organisms.

A

How organisms function.

175
Q

How is DNA used to determine evolutionary relationships?

The number of each type of nucleotide is compared.

The number of chromosomes is compared.

The amount of DNA is compared.

The number of genes is compared.

The nucleotide sequences are compared.

A

The nucleotide sequences are compared.

176
Q

What is an ancestor?

An organism from which other groups are descended.

An old organism.

An extinct organism.

A person who used to live in another country.

None of the above.

A

An organism from which other groups are descended.

177
Q

Which kingdom contains organisms that were originally considered to be plants?

Plantae

Animalia

Protista

Fungi

Archaea

A

Fungi

178
Q

Which kingdom contains mostly unicellular, eukaryotic organisms?

Bacteria

Planta

Protista

Fungi

Animalia

A

Protista

179
Q

Which domain contains four kingdoms?

Bacteria

Eukarya

Protista

Archaea

More information is needed.

A

Eukarya

180
Q

What are the names of the two prokaryotic domains?

Animalia and Plantae

Bacteria and Archaea

Fungi and Plantae

Bacteria and Eukarya

Eukarya and Protista

A

Bacteria and Archaea

181
Q

Which of the following describes a dichotomous key?

There are many two-part choices.

It is used to identify individuals or species.

It leads the user to a correct identification.

It is a system for narrowing down identification.

All of the above.

A

All of the above.

182
Q

Which type of cell is pictured?

Archaeic

Heterotrophic

Autotrophic

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

A

Eukaryotic

183
Q

Which type of diversity refers to the variety of inherited traits within a species?

Ecosystem Diversity

Genetic Diversity

Species Diversity

Structural Diversity

Habitat Diversity

A

Genetic Diversity

184
Q

Which type of diversity looks at the variety and abundance of organisms in a given area?

Ecosystem Diversity

Genetic Diversity

Species Diversity

Structural Diversity

Habitat Diversity

A

Species Diversity

185
Q

What is the importance of genetic diversity?

Resistance to disease.

Increased survival as climate changes.

Ability to compete with invading species.

Resistance to drought.

All of the above.

A

All of the above.

186
Q

Compare and contrast the morphological species concept and phylogenetic species concept.

A

In the morphological species concept classification is based on the body shape, size, and other structural features, of organisms. In the phylogenetic species concept classification is determined by evolutionary relationships among organisms. Both species concepts are used to help classify organisms as separate species. Both have advantages and disadvantages.

187
Q

In northwestern Ontario, there are two similar-looking garter snakes: the red-sided garter snake and the eastern garter snake. The two interbreed successfully in nature in that part of Ontario, producing offspring that have a mix of the physical traits of the two. The eastern garter snake also co-exists in southern Ontario with another very similar snake, the eastern ribbon snake. However, these two snakes are not known to interbreed successfully. Infer whether these three snakes are the same species or not. Explain your reasoning.

A

Using the biological species concept I would infer that the red-sided garter snake and the eastern garter snake are the same species because they interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring. Since the eastern garter snake and the eastern ribbon snake coexist but do not interbreed, I would infer that these are two separate species.

188
Q

What is binomial nomenclature?

A

Binomial nomenclature is the two-part scientific name given to a species. The first part of the name states the genus and the second part of the name states the species.

189
Q

Two terms can be used to describe the organization of organisms into hierarchies that help scientists understand the relationships among living things: classification and taxonomy. Explain why both terms can be used correctly for this purpose.

A

Classification (although taxonomy would also be acceptable). Classification can apply to any objects, for example, baseball cards. Taxonomy refers specifically to the act of classifying living things into hierarchical levels.

190
Q

Distinguish between the terms rank and taxon.

A

A rank is a level within the classification scheme. Currently, there are usually eight ranks ranging from domain as the most inclusive to specific epithet (species), which applies only to one species. A taxon is any named example of a rank.

191
Q

Two organisms belong to the same family in the modern classification system. List the other ranks in which these two organisms would also be placed withing this system.

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, and order.

192
Q

Compare the number and variety of organisms placed in a kingdom taxon to the number and variety of organisms found in a species taxon.

A

There are more organisms in the kingdom level and they show greater variation than the number and variety of species at the species level. Organisms that are the same species will be very similar.

193
Q

The table below shows the classification of a praying mantis, an insect that preys on smaller insects.

What is the scientific name for the praying mantis?

A

Stagmomantis carolina

194
Q

The table below shows the classification of a praying mantis, an insect that preys on smaller insects.

Which is the broadest category of classification for the praying mantis?

A

Domain Eukarya

195
Q

You are comparing three species (A, B and C) and you face a dilemma. Morphologically, species A and B are very similar, but they are both different from species C. However, you have sequenced some genes of all three and the gene sequences indicate a high degree of similarity between species B and C. How would you resolve the situation?

A

Some might say the genetic information should prevail over the morphological information. Others might say one should try to apply the biological species test to see if that helps.

196
Q

Refer to the figure below. Explain why a reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is more cloesly related to a red deer (Cervus elaphus) than it is to an oryx (Oryx gazella).

A

Reindeer and red deer are in the same family. Family is a more specifi c taxon than oryx.

197
Q

Invasive species can out-compete native species when they are introduced outside of their natural environment. This can threaten a region’s ecosystems, economy, and society. Recently, Canadian researchers helped identify 15 new bird species through genetic analysis. Scientists were able to identify so many new species by analyzing and comparing the DNA of over 600 North American bird species. Explain how you think the use of genetic analysis could help prevent the introduction of new invasive species into Canada.

A

By understanding the genetic relatedness of species, you can predict the impact on an ecosystem. Genetic analysis can identify species as they enter the country

198
Q

There is a growing concern worldwide about the number of species that are going extinct. Conservation organizations work to protect endangered species, but there may be a disagreement about exactly what a species is.

How can classifying an organism influence our attitudes about that organism? For example, is a fish more likely to be protected if it is known to be an endangered species, or if it is newly discovered and different from all known species of fish?

A

By classifying an organism, we can get accurate population counts of that organism and we may find that it is not in fact endangered. Finding out that a species is endangered or new generally gets people excited and more likely to protect them.

199
Q

Identify the three domains and the kingdoms withing each domain.

A

Domains: Bacteria (Kingdom: Bacteria), Archaea (Kingdom: Archaea), Eukarya (Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia)

200
Q

Explain how scientists arrived at the three domain system.

A

By looking at the cell types and genetic differences.

201
Q

Explain how a dichotomous key works.

A

A dichotomous key is a system for logically narrowing down the identification of a specimen, one step at a time. Each step of the key consists of a two-part decision, where there are two choices. Aft er you choose the description that matches the organism, you move to the next set of choices as directed by the key. You continue through the two-pronged choices in order to narrow down the solution.

202
Q

Distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrophs.

A

Autotrophs make their own energy-yielding food, unlike heterotrophs, which have to consume other organisms for energy.

203
Q

Refer to the table below. What form or forms of nutrition do eukaryotes use?

A

Autotrophic and Heterotrophic

204
Q

Refer to the table below. What type of reproduction is used primarily by prokaryotes?

A

Asexual

205
Q

Refer to the table below. Describe the cells of organisms in domain Archaea.

A

Small, unicellular prokaryotes that may have a cell wall.

206
Q

Refer to the table below. What is one characteristic that is unique to all animals.

A

Animal cells do not have cell walls.

207
Q

Cyanobacteria, commonly called blue-green algae, are classified in the kingdom Bacteria. Cyanobacteria make their own food using carbon dioxide, water and energy from sunlight. They contain the pigment chlorophyll and another pigment that is blue. Explain why scientists in the early days of taxonomy would likely have classified cyanobacteria in the kingdom Plantae.

A

Scientists in the early days of taxonomy would have classified all photosynthetic organisms as Plantae, and therefore cyanobacteria would have been classifed as in this kingdom.

208
Q

Refer to the table below. A student was looking at somer pond water under a microscope and noticed a single-celled organism in the field of view. This organism had a nucleus as well as chloroplasts in its cytoplasm. The organism was enclosed by a cell wall. After looking through a dichotomous key, the student determined this organism was a green alga. Predict the domain and kingdom of this organism. Explain the basis for your prediction.

A

Domain—Eukarya, cells have a nucleus

Kingdom— Protista, unicellular

209
Q

Which of the following are ecosystems: flower basket, surface of your skin, schoolyard, Lake Ontario, the tundra.

A

All of them.

210
Q

Explain how the relationship between genetic diversity and disease resistance is similar to the relationship between species diversity within an ecosystem and disease resistance.

A

The higher both types of diversity are, the better able a population or ecosystem is able to resist disease.

211
Q

Why is it important to protect species diversity within an ecosystem?

A

Ecosystems with higher species diversity are more resilient and can provide ecosystem services with more consistency.

212
Q

Biologists use the _____ species concept, the _____ species concept and the _____ species concept to define species.

A

Biologists use the morphological species concept, the biological species concept and the phylogenetic species concept to define species.

213
Q

Species often have common names. However, they are formally known by _____-part scientific names.

A

Species oftn have common names. However, they are formally known by two-part scientific names.

214
Q

All species are classified by being placed in eight nested ranks. The broadest category is the _____, continuing to narrow to _____, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____ and finally _____, which is the narrowest category.

A

All species are classified by being placed in eight nested ranks. The broadest category is the domain, continuing to narrow to kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and finally species, which is the narrowest category.

215
Q

Each named rank is known as a _____.

A

Each named rank is known as a taxon.

216
Q

Modern classification organizes diversity according to _____ relationships.

A

Modern classification organizes diversity according to evolutionary relationships.

217
Q

Taxonomists rely on _____, _____ and _____ evidence to identify and classify species.

A

Taxonomists rely on morphological, physiological and DNA evidence to identify and classify species.

218
Q

_____ evidence includes comparing the structure and form of organisms, including bones.

A

Anatomical/morphological evidence includes comparing the structure and form of organisms, including bones.

219
Q

_____ evidence includes comparing the biochemistry of organisms, including proteins.

A

Physiological evidence includes comparing the biochemistry of organisms, including proteins.

220
Q

_____ evidence includes comparing organisms’ DNA sequences.

A

DNA evidence includes comparing organisms’ DNA sequences.

221
Q

Understanding _____ can help scientists trace the transmission of disease and develop and test possible treatments.

A

Understanding phylogeny can help scientists trace the transmission of disease and develop and test possible treatments.

222
Q

The variety of internal and external forms exhibited by species represents _____ diversity.

A

The variety of internal and external forms exhibited by species represents structural diversity.

223
Q

There are two cell types: ____ and _____. _____ cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. _____ cells are more complex and do have a membrane-bound nucleus.

A

There are two cell types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. Eukaryotic cells are more complex and do have a membrane-bound nucleus.

224
Q

Organisms in the domains _____ and _____ are unicellular and prokaryotic.

A

Organisms in the domains Bacteria and Archaea are unicellular and prokaryotic.

225
Q

Organisms in the domain _____ have _____ cells and are unicellular or multicellular. There are four kingdoms in the domain _____: _____, _____, _____ and _____.

A

Organisms in the domain Eukarya have eukaryotic cells and are unicellular or multicellular. There are four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya: Protista, Plantae, Fungi and Animalia.

226
Q

Taxonomists use _____ to make choices between pairs of options to narrow down identifications.

A

Taxonomists use dichotomous keys to make choices between pairs of options to narrow down identifications.

227
Q

Too little _____ reduces a population’s ability to resist disease or other changing environmental conditions.

A

Too little genetic diversity reduces a population’s ability to resist disease or other changing environmental conditions.

228
Q

Ecosystems are diverse due to variations in _____ and _____ factors.

A

Ecosystems are diverse due to variations in abiotic and biotic factors.

229
Q

Ecosystems provide _____, such as recycling nutrients and regulating gases in the atmosphere.

A

Ecosystems provide services, such as recycling nutrients and regulating gases in the atmosphere.

230
Q

Ecosystems with greater _____ have higher resilience.

A

Ecosystems with greater species diversity have higher resilience.

Grade 11 - SBI3U (15 decks)

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