Unit 4, Chapter 10: The Digestive System Flashcards
Define Alimentary Canal
The tube through which food is processed, beginning at the mouth and ending at the anus; also known as the digestive tract.
Define Amino Acid
A building block of protein.
Define Bile
A greenish-yellow fluid secreted by the liver that helps digest fat.
Define Chemical Digestion
The chemical breakdown of nutrient molecules into smaller molecules by enzyme action.
Define Chyme
A thick liquid produced in the stomach and made of digested food combined with gastric juice.
Define Cirrhosis
The irreversible replacement of healthy liver tissue with non-functioning scar tissue; most commonly caused by excessive alcohol intake or hepatitis.
Define Crohn’s Disease
A form of inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the alimentary canal from the mouth to the anus.
Define Diabetes
A condition in which the body is unable to use glucose for energy.
Define Disaccharide
A sugar made up of two monosaccharide molecules.
Define Duodenum
A short, wide U-shaped section of the small intestine into which food passes from the stomach.
Define Enzyme
A protein molecule that helps speed up important chemical reactions in the body.
Define Esophagus
The muscular tube through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach.
Define Essential Nutrient
A nutrient that cannot be made by the body, and must therefore be obtained from food.
Define Gastric Juice
A mixture of hydrochloric acid, salts, enzymes, water, and mucus that is produced by glands in the stomach to help digest food.
Define Glycogen
A polysaccharide made up of glucose units.
Define Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver, most commonly caused by a virus.
Define Hydrolysis
A chemical reaction in which water breaks apart macromolecules into smaller molecules.
Define Ileum
The portion of the small intestine that follows immediately after the jejunum.
Define Inflammatory Bowel Disease
The general name for a group of diseases that cause inflammation in the intestines.
Define Jujunum
The portion of the small intestine that follows immediately after the duodenum.
Define Lipid
An organic compound that does not dissolve in water, such as fat and oil.
Define Macromolecule
A very large molecule made up of smaller molecules that are linked together.
Define Mechanical Digestion
The physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces in the mouth by the action of teeth, beak, or other similar structures, and by contractions and chrning motions in the stomach.
Define Metabolism
The sum total of all of the chemical reactions that occur in an organism.
Define Monosaccharide
A simple sugar with three to seven carbon atoms.
Define Pepsin
An enzyme in gastric juice that helps break down proteins into polypeptides.
Define Peptic Ulcer
A sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum most commonly caused by infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
Define Peptide Bond
A bond that holds together the amino acids in a protein.
Define Peristalsis
A wave-like series of muscular contractions in the esophagus.
Define Polypeptide
A linear chain of several amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
Define Polysaccharide
A large molecule made up of many linked monosaccharide molecules.
Define Saliva
A watery secretion in the mouth that begins the digestive process.
Define Salivary Glands
Glands in the mouth that produce saliva to begin the chemical digestion of food.
Define Ulcerative Colitis
A form of inflammatory disease that attacks the colon.
Define Villi
Finger-like projections lining the surface of the small intestine that increase the surface area to improve the absorption of nutrients.
What does the letter A represent on the diagram below?
Teeth
What does the letter B represent on the diagram below?
Tongue
What does the letter C represent on the diagram below?
Esophagus
What does the letter D represent on the diagram below?
Liver
What does the letter E represent on the diagram below?
Gall Bladder
What does the letter F represent on the diagram below?
Small Intestine
What does the letter G represent on the diagram below?
Appendix
What does the letter H represent on the diagram below?
Salivary Glands
What does the letter I represent on the diagram below?
Stomach
What does the letter J represent on the diagram below?
Pancreas
What does the letter K represent on the diagram below?
Large Intestine
What does the letter L represent on the diagram below?
Anus
Which letter represents the stomach on the diagram below?
I
Which letter represents the teeth on the diagram below?
A
Which letter represents the tongue on the diagram below?
B
Which letter represents the esophagus on the diagram below?
C
Which letter represents the liver on the diagram below?
D
Which letter represents the gall bladder on the diagram below?
E
Which letter represents the small intestine on the diagram below?
F
Which letter represents the appendix on the diagram below?
G
Which letter represents the salivary glands on the diagram below?
H
Which letter represents the pancreas on the diagram below?
J
Which letter represents the large intestine on the diagram below?
K
Which letter represents the anus on the diagram below?
L
What is the tube through which food is processed, beginning at the mouth and ending at the anus, known as?
Alimentary Canal
What is a building block of protein known as?
Amino Acid
What is a greenish-yellow fluid secreted by the liver that helps digest fat known as?
Bile
What is the chemical breakdown of nutrient molecules into smaller molecules by enzyme action known as?
Chemical Digestion
What is a thick liquid produced in the stomach and made of digested food combined with gastric juice known as?
Chyme
What is the irreversible replacement of healthy liver tissue with non-functioning scar tissue which is most commonly caused by excessive alcohol intake or hepatitis known as?
Cirrhosis
What is a form of inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the alimentary canal from the mouth to the anus known as?
Crohn’s Disease
What is a condition in which the body is unable to use glucose for energy known as?
Diabetes
What is a sugar made up of two monosaccharide molecules known as?
Disaccharide
What is a short, wide U-shaped section of the small intestine into which food passes from the stomach known as?
Duodenum
What is a protein molecule that helps speed up important chemical reactions in the body known as?
Enzyme