Unit 4: Ch. 19

Question 1

equivalents

Answer 1

population = all of literature

sample = portion of literature relevant to your review

data = content of articles

Question 2

systematic review

Answer 2

a review in which the research process is used to objectively and methodically extract findings from research articles and synthesize them for the purpose of generalization

Question 3

systematic reviews include? (2)

Answer 3

1. synthesis (qualitative)
   - narratively combines results from different studies
2. meta-analysis (quantitative)
   - typically uses the effect size of intervention studies and combines them with statistics

Question 4

history of systematic reviews

idk if this is important or not - it was in the notes

Answer 4

agriculture and astronomy

meta-analyses

academic researchers

Question 5

why conduct systematic reviews? (6)

Answer 5

1. determine best evidence to inform practice, policies, procedures, and decision making
2. determine the state of the science on a specific topic (typically see this in introduction paragraph)
3. critique studies
4. summarize findings
5. get to know a body of literature
6. useful for publications that can simmer
   - coming back to systematic review –> take break –> back to systematic review –> break –> repeat

Question 6

7 step process

Answer 6

1. formulate a problem statement
2. search the literature
3. gather data from research articles
4. evaluate the articles and the studies
5. analyze and integrate data
6. interpret the evidence
7. disseminate findings

Question 7

step 1: problem formation

Answer 7

narrow specific topic (not something like “what is health?” - too broad)

limited amount of literature

what’s the problem? why is it important?

research question/hypothesis

inclusion and exclusion criteria

Question 8

who is known for writing a lot of systematic reviews?

Answer 8

Harris Cooper

Question 9

step 2: literature search

Answer 9

search the literature for relevant articles

all articles vs selected articles

all sources vs best quality sources

how much time, money, and people-power do you have for conducting the review?

Question 10

step 3: data gathering from study articles

Answer 10

coding guide: really a questionnaire

coders: people that go in, read the articles, and pull out the results

aim is to gather accurate objective data

Question 11

step 4: study evaluation

Answer 11

evaluate each article against inclusion and exclusion criteria

for each article consider:

• internal validity
• external validity
• construct validity
• statistical validity

looking at the quality of each article

Question 12

step 5: study outcomes, analysis, and interpretation

Answer 12

may be comparing the info in cells on tables for a synthesis

may be entering data and running statistics for a meta-analysis (looking at the effect size w/ a meta-analysis)
-Forest plot to visually see the meta-analysis may be helpful

Question 13

step 6: evidence interpretation

Answer 13

reduction of separate data points into statements that answers the research question or hypothesis
-analogous to the analysis part of quantitative research

summarize cumulative research evidence regarding conclusiveness, generalizability, and limitations to arrive at overall conclusions

Question 14

step 7: dissemination

Answer 14

manuscript –> article

• manuscript: what you’re working on (not yet published)
• article: what’s published

podium presentation

poster presentation