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Research 3900 > Unit 2: Ch. 7 > Flashcards

Unit 2: Ch. 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Literature review

A

A written summary of the state of evidence on a research problem

Summary of current empirical and theoretical literature…the author writes it so that it describes the rationale and background for the study

A description of the study problem, why the problem is important, and why it needs to be studied

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2
Q

The primary purpose of literature reviews is to…?

A

Integrate research evidence to sum up what is known and what is not known

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3
Q

What is literature?

A

Broad term for many types of things

Journal or periodical…same thing

  • mostly articles in journals
  • also ads for schools and jobs in journals
  • NOT a magazine (ex: better homes and gardens)

Monograph = book containing a detailed report of a study

Books
-ex: textbooks

Theses and dissertations (always research)

MSN or DNP project (may or may not be research)

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4
Q

Types of journals in the literature

A

Refereed journals:

  • peer-reviewed; blind review; external review
  • reviewers determine quality and scientific merit of manuscripts and whether they should be published (blind review is good b/c it means reviewer gives honest opinion)

Non-refereed journals:
-non-peer-reviewed, journal editor makes the decision about publishing

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5
Q

What are the 2 major types of articles?

A
  1. Research articles (empirical literature)

2. Non-research or conceptual articles

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6
Q

Grounded theory researchers typically begin to collect ___ before examining the literature.

A

Data

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7
Q

Phenomenologists often undertake a preliminary ____ search at the outset of a study.

A

Literature

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8
Q

Ethnographers often familiarize themselves with the literature to help shape their choice of a ____ problem before going into the field.

A

Cultural

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9
Q

Research articles (empirical literature)

A

follows steps of research process

answers questions or hypotheses

presents all components of the study

may be qualitative or quantitative

may be report of a single study or more

may be a report of a systematic review

  • research synthesis (qualitative)
  • meta analysis (quantitative)
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10
Q

Research synthesis is?

A

qualitative

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11
Q

Meta analysis is?

A

Quantitative

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12
Q

Research article format

A 
Title
Abstract
Introduction*
-background, purpose, question/hypotheses
Methods*
-design, participants, materials, procedure, statistics
Results*
Discussion*
Conclusion
References

*IMRAD format

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13
Q

Non-research or conceptual articles

A

how to…

new processes, techniques, standards and guidelines
-could be guidelines the first time they come out

informational e.g. profile of a disease, etc.

editorials

may be clinical or non-clinical

any article that is NOT research

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14
Q

Original studies

A

The person who wrote the article did the study

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15
Q

Secondary analyses

A

Person who wrote the articles did the study but asks a secondary research question

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16
Q

What are the 2 literature sources?

A

Primary sources

Secondary sources

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17
Q

Primary source

A

Written by the person who conducted the study, the original researcher

ex: report of a study

18
Q

Secondary source

A

A description or summary of a study prepared by someone other than the original researcher
-ex: textbook and brochures

Websites are secondary sources (depends what’s on the website)
-ex: a website that reports statistics would be considered a primary source vs the CDC website (good info but it’s secondary info) is a secondary source

19
Q

Age of articles

A

Articles should be as current as possible and relevant

Ideally no older than 5 years
-however, maybe a 15 year old article is the only article on that topic - just mention in the research article that the references is the most recent one available (or it’s necessary to fully explain what you’re talking about [ex: seminal work])

Typically expect articles on the reference list to be 3-5 years old

Classic article, seminal work, or landmark study refers to an article or book that changed everything, changed the paradigm…article by Watson and Crick about the double helix and DNA

20
Q

purposes of literature reviews: Quantitative literature

A

Document the background and significance of the study

ID theoretical or conceptual work

ID data collection tools

ID what’s already known

21
Q

purposes of literature reviews: Qualitative literature

A

provide a basic understanding of the study problem

provide evidence that the study conducted was appropriate and based on current knowledge of the problem

describe the “fit” between the present studies and previous studies

22
Q

What are the 3 search strategies for finding literature?

A
  1. search for evidence in bibliographic databases
  2. ancestry approach (“footnote chasing”)
    - citations from relevant studies are used to track down earlier research on which the studies are based (the “ancestors”)
  3. descendancy approach
    - find a pivotal early study and search forward in the citation indexes to find more recent studies (“descendants”) that cited the key study
23
Q

Phenomenological

A

compares and combines study findings w/ literature

24
Q

Grounded theory

A

uses literature to explain, support, and extend theory

25
Q

Ethnographic

A

provides background for the research that will be done

26
Q

Historical

A

used to develop research questions and may be a source of data

may be studying the literature reviews

27
Q

Keyword

A

word or phrase that captures the key concepts in your question

in Quantitative studies, keywords are usually the independent or dependent variables (i.e., at a minimum the I and O of PICO components), and perhaps the population

in Qualitative studies, keywords are the central phenomenon and the population

28
Q

Author search

A

searching for prominent researchers in a field

29
Q

Subject search

A

entering a subject heading into the search field

30
Q

Mapping

A

a feature that allows you to search for topics using your own keywords, rather than the exact subject heading into the database

31
Q

Textword search

A

looks for your keyword in the title and abstract

32
Q

Wildcard character

A

A symbol such as “*” or “$”

allows you to search for multiple words with the same root

33
Q

Boolean operators

A

Can be used to expand or restrict a search

Uses the words ‘and’ and ‘or’

Using ‘and’ yields results with all words searched

Using ‘or’ yields results with either term

34
Q

CINAHL

A

Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature

Covers references to hundreds of nursing and allied health journals, as well to books, book chapters, and dissertations.

contains more than 1 million records

CINAHL provides info for locating references and abstracts for most citations

35
Q

MEDLINE

A

Medical Literature On-Line

developed by US National Library of Medicine

Premier source for bibliographic coverage of biomedical literature

covers about 5,000 medical, nursing, and health journals and has more than 21 million records

Uses PubMed website

Uses a controlled vocabulary called MeSH to index articles

36
Q

thematic analysis

A

essentially involves detecting patterns and regularities as well as inconsistencies

37
Q

Substantive themes

A

what’s the pattern of evidence - what findings predominate?

how much evidence is there? how consistent is the body of evidence? what gaps are there in the evidence?

38
Q

Methodologic themes

A

what methods have been used to address the question? what strategies have not been used? what are major methodologic deficiencies and strengths?

39
Q

Generalizability/transferability themes

A

to what types of people or settings does the evidence apply? do the findings vary for different types of people (ex: men vs women) or setting (ex: urban vs rural)?

40
Q

Reading a research report

A

Read the title and abstract closely, and then skim the content the first time you read a report

Read the report as many times as necessary to get a full understanding of the detail

Stating and restating the main ideas of the article in your own words will help you to remember, understand, and use the content

41
Q

critiquing the literature review (10)

A
  1. Thorough?
  2. Up to date…current?
  3. Primary or secondary sources?
  4. Relevant studies?
    - where the PICO question comes into play
  5. Relevant theories?
  6. Landmark studies?
    - may or may not know if it’s a landmark study (may not know what the landmark study is either)
  7. Organized?
    - if it doesn’t make sense it may not be organized (question the quality of it if it’s unorganized)
  8. Document a need for further study?
  9. If present, do research questions or hypotheses logically follow from the review?
  10. Where studies in the review critiqued?
42
Q

Preparing a written literature review (5)

A
  1. Make a table of relevant info
  2. Keep notes about your literature retrieval process b/c sometimes you have to go back to it
  3. Outline
  4. Characteristics of a literature review
    - objective (shouldn’t be leading you in one direction)
    - paraphrase and summarize rather than quote
    - summarize comparable findings together
    - include inconsistent results (to be honest; may not be inconsistent results in all studies)
  5. Templates

Research 3900 (15 decks)

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