Unit 4 ch 13Theories: Flashcards
Social Attribution Theory:
casually explains why people behave the way they do (dispoition= intrinsic; or situational)
Fundamental Attribution Error:
UNDERestimates situation and OVEResrtimates disposition
Foot in the Door Phenomenon:
belief of convincing one of a smalll task leading to submission towards a bigger task later
Role Playing:
acting according to a specific social expectation
Actions affect Attitude
examples: foot in door; role playing; behavior-> attitude
Attitude following Behavior
group settings; feed off one another (cooperative) and create overall attitude for group (mutual); insinuates postive behavior often times
Cognitive Dissonance Theory:
our attempt to reduce discomfort (the dissociation) we feel between differing thoughts (cognition); we therefore change our attitude to reduce clashing by changing our actions
actions does NOT equal attitude thus attitude changes to reflect actions
***place theory:
place where sound is heard in ear (NOTHING TO DO WITH THIS CHAPTER)
chameleon effect (automatic mimicry)
to take on physical (actions) and emotional cues of others in our surroundings; to mold; transmits many thoughts, actions, events, etc. through a social system
Milgram’s Obediance Experiments
shocking;
findings:
-people followed orders even when they were thought to be harming someone else
-the authority figure was legit and backed by prestige
-victim was at a distance
-could make ordinary people do harm to others because of compliance
= no role models for defiance
Social Influence theories:
conformity (normative vs informative)
obedience
social facilitation, social loafing, deindivuation
explicit prejudice
outward expression of prejudism
overall decreased over time in America (racial front)….
… but subtle, more intimate or “microagressions” still do occur out of a feeling of uncomfortablility
dispositional due to established events and subseuqnet characterizing rather than judgement on current situation
implicit prejudice
automatic, unaware negative attitude intrinsic to us
we all carry some type of negative association
example: connotation of ethnic names
gender prejudice
“feel” better about women, but perceive men as superior in intelligence
women often stripped of rights for this
sexual orientation prejudice
higher rates of depression and disorders if not protected by laws/ culture as loved and accepted
social inequalities/ just- world phenomenon
justice= status quo
good is rewarded thru success; bad is punished through failure
leads to victim blaming
as well as stereotyping: rationalizes inequalities
ingroup vs outgroup
evolutionary
social identities lead to comparison and contrast with others
leads to ingroup bias
scapegoat theory
when things go wrong, we find someone else to blame (lash out against); insinuates prejudice
high in economically frustrated people
cognitive categorization and prejudice
us vs them
lump “thems” into one category (assimilation); usually towards minority groups
=other-race effect
Agression and its Influencers
biology
psychology
socio-cultural
Biologic influences of agression
genes: higher correlation in identical twin, Y chromosome, low MAOA gene, alcoholism
neuro: brain can either facilitate or inhibit; amyglada; less active frontal lobes
biochem: high testosterone; alcohol; other minor hormone influences
Psychologic influences of agression
adverse events/frustration agression principle: blockage of achieving a goal-> anger-> agression
adverse stimuli: Hot temperatures, physical pain, personal insults, foul odors, cigarette smoke, crowding, and a host of others
reinforcement by role models; lack of self control
socio-cultural influences of agression
media and voilence (especially sexual)
violent video games
modern internet matchmaking
slightly higher success rate for endurance and satisfaction
