Psychology Unit 4 ch 14 Vocab:

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

an indiviudual’s intrinsic characteristics of acting, thinking, and feeling

Question 2

psychoanalysis

Answer 2

(Freud) unconscious motives and conflicts drive the thoughts and actions of a person, making up their personality;

first to seek clinical attention to unconscious mind and attempt to treat disorders withsuch discoveries

Question 3

id (unconscious energy)

Answer 3

Operates on PLEASURE principle; unconsciously strives to satisfy basic drives to SURVIVAL, reproduce, and aggress

Question 4

ego (peace between super and id; both)

Answer 4

Operates on REALITY principle; seeks to realistically GRATIFY id’s IMPULSES to bring LONG-TERM pleasure; contains PERCEPTIONS, THOUGHTS, MEMORIES, JUDGEMENTS

PROTECTION from reality and anxious stimuli

Question 5

superego (internalized ideals)

Answer 5

Focuses on ideal behavior; strives for PERFECTION; acts as MORAL conscious

Question 6

defense mechanisms:

Answer 6

ego’s protective methods

• reduce anxiety
• distort reality

Question 7

identification:

Answer 7

incorporating parents’ values into your own superego

Question 8

fixation

Answer 8

to have unresolved, lingering energies on a previous psychosexual stage

Question 9

repression:

Answer 9

umbrella for all defense mechanisms; withoolds from conscious

Question 10

regression

Answer 10

retreat to earlier developmental stage

Question 11

reaction formation

Answer 11

opposite reactions

Question 12

projection

Answer 12

attribution to others from inward feelings

Question 13

displacement

Answer 13

shift feelings to someone/thing less threatening; one person to another

Question 14

rationalization

Answer 14

distorts reality; euphamism

Question 15

denial

Answer 15

refusal to believe

Question 16

projective test vs TAT

Answer 16

stimuli (ex blotting) vs stories for repression

Question 17

collective unconscious

Answer 17

shared, inherited resivoir of memory tracing our species history

Question 18

preconcsious

Answer 18

not totally aware, but still accessible

Question 19

false consensus effect

Answer 19

oversestimate something others do

Question 20

self actualization

Answer 20

the motivation to one’s full potential; basic needs and self esteem must be met first

Question 21

unconditonal positive regard

Answer 21

attitude of total acceptance towards others

Question 22

self concept

Answer 22

our thoughts and feelings about ourselves; “who am I”; identity

Question 23

self esteem

Answer 23

one’s feelings of high and low self worth; values yourself as a person

defense = bad

Question 24

self efficacy

Answer 24

sense of competance and effectiveness

Question 25

trait

Answer 25

a characteristic pattern of behvior or a disposition to feel and act;

Myers’ Briggs measures

predispositions and stability in personality

Question 26

factor analysis

Answer 26

looks at cluters to identify personality traits

Question 27

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-

Answer 27

extraversion and emotionality factors inevitably emerged as basic personality dimensions

Question 28

introversion

Answer 28

introverted people often simply seek low levels of stimulation from their environment.

Question 29

psychodynamic

Answer 29

unconscious; childhood

Question 30

humanistic

Answer 30

self growth

Question 31

cognitive social perspective

Answer 31

traits and context interaction

Question 32

***reciprocal determination

Answer 32

interaction/influences of behavior, cognition, and envrionement

1. differing environments
2. personalities determine our rxn to events
3. personalities shape situations

Question 33

Excessive optimism

Answer 33

May lead to complacency
May prevent recognition of real risks
May be self-defeating when dealing with temptations
May be directed toward group (illusionary optimism)

Question 34

spotlight effect

Answer 34

ovestimate ppl judging us

Question 35

blindness

Answer 35

making sure we are not overconfident and still cannot complete the task at hand

Question 36

self-serving bias

Answer 36

perceiving onself in a favorable light

“better than others”