Psychology Unit 1 ch 1 Vocab:

Question 1

intuition

Answer 1

ability to understand something immediately without conscious processing

Question 2

hindsight bias:

Answer 2

“I knew it all along” phenomenon

Question 3

overconfidence

Answer 3

tendency to think you know more than you do

social and academic settings (people stimulated)

Question 4

perceiving patterns in randomness

Answer 4

often appear to us biasly (due to intuition) as a random sequence, but such is not the case

Question 5

critically thinking

Answer 5

not blindly accepting info, rather analyzing it for what it is

-looking for hidden influencers/assumptions

Question 6

scientific method

Answer 6

• observations
• experiments
• analysis

Question 7

theory

Answer 7

• organizes observations

- predicts behavior/events

Question 8

hypothesis

Answer 8

testable prediction

Question 9

“operational” definition

Answer 9

step by step for reproducibility

Question 10

replication

Answer 10

• different particpants

- repetition of the study for differences/simularities in results

Question 11

case studies

Answer 11

examines one person in depth; cannot generalize since it is only about ONE PERSON

Question 12

natural obsevation

Answer 12

describes behavior in natural environment; DOES NOT explain

Question 13

surveys/interviews:

Answer 13

many cases, not in depth

model:
- random sampling
- wording effect

Question 14

correlation

Answer 14

“co related”; strength of attribution of two factors

• covariance
• predict y from x

direct: +
inverse: -

Question 15

illusory correlation

Answer 15

perception of a relationship that is not really there

Question 16

independent variable

Answer 16

manipulated and is being studied by trt

Question 17

dependent variable

Answer 17

factor’s response being measured; changes with maniupulation of independent

Question 18

confounding variable

Answer 18

factor other than independent causing an effect