Psychology Unit 1 Ch2 Vocab

Question 1

neurons

Answer 1

nerve cells

Question 2

dendrite

Answer 2

receiver of messages; conducts impulses to be sent

Question 3

axon

Answer 3

passes messages through to other neurons of other cells

Question 4

glia cells

Answer 4

buddy cells to neurons

thinking, learning, memory

Question 5

myelin sheath

Answer 5

fatty tissue; increase speed of transmission of messages

Question 6

synapse

Answer 6

the junction between neurons (axon-> dendrite)

Question 7

refactory period

Answer 7

period of inactivity from fired neuron

Question 8

threshold

Answer 8

level stimulation for a neural impulse

Question 9

all-or-none response

Answer 9

reaction of firing or not firing

Question 10

neurotransmitters

Answer 10

chemical messengers crossing a snynaptic junction; if they bind, they stimulate a neural impulse (electric charge)

Question 11

reuptake

Answer 11

reabsorbtion of transmitters by sending neuron (recycles)

Question 12

ACh

Answer 12

muscle action; learning and memory

alzheimer’s

Question 13

endorphins

Answer 13

pain and excercise (oipates)

Question 14

dopamine

Answer 14

movement, learning, attention, EMOTION; pleasure (motivation), etc

depression; parkinsons (movement); schizophrenia

Question 15

serotonin

Answer 15

mood, hunger, sleep, arousal

depresson

Question 16

GABA

Answer 16

inhbitor

seizures, temors, insomnia

Question 17

Glutamate (MSG)

Answer 17

excitory; memory

mirgraines, seizures

Question 18

nervous system

Answer 18

electrochemical messenger system

Question 19

CNS

Answer 19

brain/spinal cord

decision

Question 20

PNS

Answer 20

sensory(brain-> spinal cord), motor (CNS -> muscles), interneurons (CNS, between other 2 types to process info)

transmit info

autonomic :

• sympathetic (arousal, voluntary control muscles)
• parasympathetic (calms and convserves energy; involuntary control)

vs

somatic:

• sensory input
• motor output (skeletal muscles)

Question 21

EEG

Answer 21

electrodes on scalp read brainwaves of the surface through electrical activity

Question 22

PET Scan

Answer 22

brain’s energy consumption by analyzing glucose levels

Question 23

MRI (magnets)

Answer 23

uses magnets to make picture of soft tissues

Question 24

fMRI

Answer 24

oxygen-bloodflow for function of the brain

Question 25

Brainstem

Answer 25

oldest and innermost part of brain; extension of spinal cord INCLUDES: Medulla: (bottom) heartbeat and breathing Pons: (top) coordinates movement *thalamus

Question 26

reticular formation

Answer 26

between brainstem and thalamus; neural network controls arousal

Question 27

Thalamus

Answer 27

sends sensory messages to cortex of brain (outer regions) of cerebellum and medulla grand central station for info

Question 28

Cerebellum

Answer 28

extending from brain stem - judges/dsicriminates time, texture, sound; - emotional control - coordination of voluntary movement and life sustaining functions - process/store info not within conscience

Question 29

limbic system

Answer 29

neural road between cerebellum/brainstem and cerebrum emotions, memory, drive hippocampus, amyglada, hypothalamus

Question 30

amyglada

Answer 30

emotion, spefically fear and anger

Question 31

hypothalamus

Answer 31

(below thalamus, but outer part of brain tissues) pituitary gland regulation for endocrine system; emotion, reward

Question 32

hippocampus

Answer 32

processes specific memories you are aware of

Question 33

cerebral cortex

Answer 33

outer layer ultimate control and processing

Question 34

motor cortex

Answer 34

back of frontal lobes body part movement & control (opposite sides stimulate opposite responses)

Question 35

somatosensory cortex

Answer 35

sharing of info from one side of body to other hemisphere in brain includes: - visual (occipital) - auditory (temporal)

Question 36

occipital lobes

Answer 36

bottom back info from eyes

Question 37

temporal lobes

Answer 37

top back info from ears

Question 38

front lobe

Answer 38

front top judgement, planning, processing new memories; personality and inhibitions (ex: Phineas Gage) motor cortex

Question 39

parietal lobes

Answer 39

front, back somatosensory cortex ( processes stiumulus from touch)

Question 40

corpus colloqium

Answer 40

tissues connecting the two brains

Question 41

left hemisphere

Answer 41

quick interpretation of language

Question 42

right hemisphere

Answer 42

making inferences, modulating speech, self-awareness