Psychology Unit 1 Ch2 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells

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2
Q

dendrite

A

receiver of messages; conducts impulses to be sent

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3
Q

axon

A

passes messages through to other neurons of other cells

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4
Q

glia cells

A

buddy cells to neurons

thinking, learning, memory

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5
Q

myelin sheath

A

fatty tissue; increase speed of transmission of messages

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6
Q

synapse

A

the junction between neurons (axon-> dendrite)

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7
Q

refactory period

A

period of inactivity from fired neuron

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8
Q

threshold

A

level stimulation for a neural impulse

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9
Q

all-or-none response

A

reaction of firing or not firing

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10
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers crossing a snynaptic junction; if they bind, they stimulate a neural impulse (electric charge)

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11
Q

reuptake

A

reabsorbtion of transmitters by sending neuron (recycles)

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12
Q

ACh

A

muscle action; learning and memory

alzheimer’s

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13
Q

endorphins

A

pain and excercise (oipates)

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14
Q

dopamine

A

movement, learning, attention, EMOTION; pleasure (motivation), etc

depression; parkinsons (movement); schizophrenia

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15
Q

serotonin

A

mood, hunger, sleep, arousal

depresson

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16
Q

GABA

A

inhbitor

seizures, temors, insomnia

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17
Q

Glutamate (MSG)

A

excitory; memory

mirgraines, seizures

18
Q

nervous system

A

electrochemical messenger system

19
Q

CNS

A

brain/spinal cord

decision

20
Q

PNS

A

sensory(brain-> spinal cord), motor (CNS -> muscles), interneurons (CNS, between other 2 types to process info)

transmit info

autonomic :

  • sympathetic (arousal, voluntary control muscles)
  • parasympathetic (calms and convserves energy; involuntary control)

vs

somatic:

  • sensory input
  • motor output (skeletal muscles)
21
Q

EEG

A

electrodes on scalp read brainwaves of the surface through electrical activity

22
Q

PET Scan

A

brain’s energy consumption by analyzing glucose levels

23
Q

MRI (magnets)

A

uses magnets to make picture of soft tissues

24
Q

fMRI

A

oxygen-bloodflow for function of the brain

25
Q

Brainstem

A

oldest and innermost part of brain; extension of spinal cord

INCLUDES:
Medulla: (bottom) heartbeat and breathing

Pons: (top) coordinates movement

*thalamus

26
Q

reticular formation

A

between brainstem and thalamus; neural network

controls arousal

27
Q

Thalamus

A

sends sensory messages to cortex of brain (outer regions) of cerebellum and medulla

grand central station for info

28
Q

Cerebellum

A

extending from brain stem

  • judges/dsicriminates time, texture, sound;
  • emotional control
  • coordination of voluntary movement and life sustaining functions
  • process/store info not within conscience
29
Q

limbic system

A

neural road between cerebellum/brainstem and cerebrum

emotions, memory, drive

hippocampus, amyglada, hypothalamus

30
Q

amyglada

A

emotion, spefically fear and anger

31
Q

hypothalamus

A

(below thalamus, but outer part of brain tissues)

pituitary gland regulation for endocrine system; emotion, reward

32
Q

hippocampus

A

processes specific memories you are aware of

33
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outer layer

ultimate control and processing

34
Q

motor cortex

A

back of frontal lobes

body part movement & control (opposite sides stimulate opposite responses)

35
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

sharing of info from one side of body to other hemisphere in brain

includes:

  • visual (occipital)
  • auditory (temporal)
36
Q

occipital lobes

A

bottom back

info from eyes

37
Q

temporal lobes

A

top back

info from ears

38
Q

front lobe

A

front top

judgement, planning, processing new memories; personality and inhibitions
(ex: Phineas Gage)

motor cortex

39
Q

parietal lobes

A

front, back

somatosensory cortex ( processes stiumulus from touch)

40
Q

corpus colloqium

A

tissues connecting the two brains

41
Q

left hemisphere

A

quick interpretation of language

42
Q

right hemisphere

A

making inferences, modulating speech, self-awareness