Psychology Unit 1 Ch2 Vocab Flashcards
neurons
nerve cells
dendrite
receiver of messages; conducts impulses to be sent
axon
passes messages through to other neurons of other cells
glia cells
buddy cells to neurons
thinking, learning, memory
myelin sheath
fatty tissue; increase speed of transmission of messages
synapse
the junction between neurons (axon-> dendrite)
refactory period
period of inactivity from fired neuron
threshold
level stimulation for a neural impulse
all-or-none response
reaction of firing or not firing
neurotransmitters
chemical messengers crossing a snynaptic junction; if they bind, they stimulate a neural impulse (electric charge)
reuptake
reabsorbtion of transmitters by sending neuron (recycles)
ACh
muscle action; learning and memory
alzheimer’s
endorphins
pain and excercise (oipates)
dopamine
movement, learning, attention, EMOTION; pleasure (motivation), etc
depression; parkinsons (movement); schizophrenia
serotonin
mood, hunger, sleep, arousal
depresson
GABA
inhbitor
seizures, temors, insomnia
Glutamate (MSG)
excitory; memory
mirgraines, seizures
nervous system
electrochemical messenger system
CNS
brain/spinal cord
decision
PNS
sensory(brain-> spinal cord), motor (CNS -> muscles), interneurons (CNS, between other 2 types to process info)
transmit info
autonomic :
- sympathetic (arousal, voluntary control muscles)
- parasympathetic (calms and convserves energy; involuntary control)
vs
somatic:
- sensory input
- motor output (skeletal muscles)
EEG
electrodes on scalp read brainwaves of the surface through electrical activity
PET Scan
brain’s energy consumption by analyzing glucose levels
MRI (magnets)
uses magnets to make picture of soft tissues
fMRI
oxygen-bloodflow for function of the brain
Brainstem
oldest and innermost part of brain; extension of spinal cord
INCLUDES:
Medulla: (bottom) heartbeat and breathing
Pons: (top) coordinates movement
*thalamus
reticular formation
between brainstem and thalamus; neural network
controls arousal
Thalamus
sends sensory messages to cortex of brain (outer regions) of cerebellum and medulla
grand central station for info
Cerebellum
extending from brain stem
- judges/dsicriminates time, texture, sound;
- emotional control
- coordination of voluntary movement and life sustaining functions
- process/store info not within conscience
limbic system
neural road between cerebellum/brainstem and cerebrum
emotions, memory, drive
hippocampus, amyglada, hypothalamus
amyglada
emotion, spefically fear and anger
hypothalamus
(below thalamus, but outer part of brain tissues)
pituitary gland regulation for endocrine system; emotion, reward
hippocampus
processes specific memories you are aware of
cerebral cortex
outer layer
ultimate control and processing
motor cortex
back of frontal lobes
body part movement & control (opposite sides stimulate opposite responses)
somatosensory cortex
sharing of info from one side of body to other hemisphere in brain
includes:
- visual (occipital)
- auditory (temporal)
occipital lobes
bottom back
info from eyes
temporal lobes
top back
info from ears
front lobe
front top
judgement, planning, processing new memories; personality and inhibitions
(ex: Phineas Gage)
motor cortex
parietal lobes
front, back
somatosensory cortex ( processes stiumulus from touch)
corpus colloqium
tissues connecting the two brains
left hemisphere
quick interpretation of language
right hemisphere
making inferences, modulating speech, self-awareness
