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Neuroanatomy > Unit 4: Cerebrum pg 138 - 144 > Flashcards

Unit 4: Cerebrum pg 138 - 144 Flashcards

1
Q

Medullary center of the cerebrum consists of what kind of fibers?

A
  • Projection
  • Commissaral
  • Association
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2
Q

What kind of projection fibers are in the cerebrum?

A
  • Corticopetal fibers (afferents to cerebral cortex)

- Corticofugal fibers (efferent of cortex)

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3
Q

Commissar also fibers

A

Connect an area of cortex in one hemi with similar area in opposite hemi

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4
Q

Association fibers

A

Connect cortical areas with single hemi

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5
Q

Cigulum

A

Associative fiber bundle of lambic lobe; deep inside cingulate gyrus

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6
Q

Superior longitudinal fasciculus (arcuate fasciculus)

A

Associative fiber bundle that provides connections between cortical areas of frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal and insular lobes

Connects motor and sensory language areas in “dominant” hemisphere

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7
Q

U-fibers

A

Short association fibers that connect adjacent gyri within same hemi

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8
Q

Neurons of cerebral cortex (3 types or names or neurons)

A

Pyramidal cells (unique to cerebral cortex)
Stellate
Fusiform

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9
Q

Archicortex

A

3 layered cortex

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10
Q

Paleocortex

A

5 layered cortex

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11
Q

Neocortex

A

90% of human cortex is comprised of 6 histological layers

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12
Q

Layers of neocortex from outermost to innermost layer:

A 
[ outermost ]
I. Molecular layer
II. External granular layer
III. External pyramidal layer
IV. Internal granular layer
V. Internal pyramidal layer
VI. Multiform (fusiform) layer 
[ innermost — closest to medullary center ]
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13
Q

Afferent fibers synapse in what neocortex layers?

A

I-IV

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14
Q

Afferent fibers from sensory nuclei of thalamus terminate in which layer of the neocortex?

A

IV

This is large — 1˚ Sensory cortex. Brodmann map areas 1, 2, 3, 17, 41, 42

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15
Q

What layers of the neocortex are efferent fibers?

A

Layers V and VI

These are large areas. Brodmann map 4, 6, 8

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16
Q

Where are the 1˚ sensory cortex found on Brodmann map?

A

1, 2, 3, 17, 41, 42

17
Q

Where are the motor cortex found in Brodmann map?

A

4, 6, 8

18
Q

What layers of the cortex do efferent (corticofugal) fibers synapse?

A

V and VI

19
Q

Corticofugal fibers =

A

Efferent

20
Q

Corticopetal fibers =

A

Afferent

21
Q

What layers of the cortex do afferent (corticopetal) fibers synapse?

A

IV

22
Q

What are three important landmarks in the inferior frontal gyrus? (List from most anterior to most Posterior)

A

Orbital portion
Triangular portion
Opercular portion

23
Q

The prefrontal cortex is involved with what activities?

A 
Abstract thinking
Judgment
Foresight
Behavior
Attention
Motivation
Decision making
24
Q

Patients with bilateral damage to prefrontal cortex experience profound changes in personality and behavior including:

A

Difficulty making good decisions
Neglect in setting goals or planning for the future
Lack of responsibility in personal affairs
Lack of good judgment
Dishonesty
(Sometimes) decrease in intellect

*example of Phineas Gage

25
Q

Lesion of left hemisphere

A

Aphasia

26
Q

Non-dominant hemisphere (right) is used for

A

3-dimensional/spatial relationships, prosody of speech

27
Q

Broca’s Language Area corresponds to what Brodmann’s map area

A

44, 45

28
Q

Broca’s area relates to what motor activity?

A

Muscles used in language expression

Includes: written, spoken, signed language

29
Q

Motor/expressive language area also known as

A

Broca’s area

30
Q

Sensory/receptive language areas:

A

Wernicke’s area

31
Q

Where is wernicke’s area located?

A

Posterior part of superior temporal gyrus AND angular gyrus fo inferior parietal lobule

32
Q

Disturbances of language areas =

A

Aphasia (negative speech)

33
Q

Broca’s area lesion can lead to

A

Motor/expressive aphasia (Broca’s aphasia)

34
Q

Motor/expressive aphasia (Broca’s aphasia) symptoms:

A
  • impaired ability to speak fluently
  • hesitant, disordered speech
  • often present agraphia
  • no impairment or comprehension
35
Q

Lesion of wernicke’s area =

A

Sensory/receptive aphasia (Wernicke’s aphasia)

36
Q

Sensory/receptive aphasia (Wernicke’s aphasia) symptoms

A
  • Inability to comprehend spoken/signed language
  • Inability to read = alexia: can see letters/symbols but not understand the meaning of symbols
  • can hear sound but not understand meaning
  • can spontaneously speak (if Broca’s unaffected) without understanding what they are saying
37
Q

Alexia

A

Inability to read

38
Q

Lesion of the arcuate fasciculus that connects wernike’s and broca’s is called

A

Conduction aphasia

39
Q

Conduction aphasia symptoms

A
  • language comprehension intact
  • generally good language production with some errors
  • difficulty repeating spoken language, reading aloud, responding to questions, copying written language

Neuroanatomy (21 decks)

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