Unit 4 AOS 2: Implementing Change Flashcards
What is the importance of leadership in change
- Without strong leadership change is likely to fail
- Good leaders will seek to influence staff to achieve organisational change
What are important leadership qualities?
- Motivation
- Maintaining relationships with stakeholders
- Clearly communicate business intentions
- Coaching/mentoring
- Act as a role model
- Responding to feedback
- Supporting
What are the financial KPI’s?
- Number of sales
- Net profit figures
- Rate of productivity growth
- Percentage of market share
What are the non-financial KPI’s?
- Staff turnover
- Staff absenteeism
- Workplace accidents
- Level of wastage
- Customer complaints
What are the management strategies?
- Staff training
- Staff motivation
- Increased investment in technology
- Improved quality in production
- Initiating lean production
- Redeployment of resources
- Cost cutting
- Change in management styles/skills
What is staff training?
- Process of improving an employee’s skills and knowledge
What is staff motivation?
- Factors that stimulate desire and energy in an employee to be committed to their role and make an effort to complete business objectives
What are the management styles?
- Autocratic
- Persuasive
- Consultative
- Participative
- Laissez-faire
What are the management skills?
- Communication
- Delegation
- Decision making
- Planning
- Leading
- Interpersonal
What technologies can be invested on?
- Automated production lines (equipment/machines arranged in a sequence and controlled by computers to perform tasks automatically)
- Computer-aided design (software that creates product possibilities from a series of parameters)
- Computer aided manufacture (software used to allow manufacturing process be directed by computers)
How can quality be improved?
- Improving quality of production improves the quality of the end good/service
- Quality control (procedure that aims to ensure that all goods/services are made to follow set quality criteria)
- Quality assurance (system where a business achieves set standards in production)
- Total quality management (business wide commitment to excellence that is applied to every aspect of business operations)
What is lean production?
- Minimising waste produced in a business
- While improving the value to end consumer
What is redeployment of resources?
- Transfer of resources from one place in the business to another
e. g. - Human resources
- Natural resources
- Capital resources
What is seeking new business opportunities (domestically and globally)?
- Businesses of all sizes are always looking for ways to grow their business and gain a competitive advantage
How can a business seek new business opportunities domestically?
- Multiple branding (business sells multiple brands in same market)
- Franchising (gives permission to others to carry out commercial activities using the brand of the business)
How can a business seek new business opportunities globally?
- Exporting
- Putting business online
What is a learning organisation?
- A business that is flexible, adaptive and productive
- Aims to have a culture where people work together at their best and continue to work together
- Flexible, adaptive and productive businesses will excel
What is shared vision?
- Developing an idea that people within the business believe in
What is personal mastery?
- Continually clarifying and deepening our personal views
What is systems thinking?
- Ability to see the big picture rather than see things in isolation
What is team learning?
- Aligning and developing capacities of a business
- To create results members desire
What are mental models?
- Assumptions
- Images
- Generalisations
- That influence how we act
What are low risk strategies to overcome employee resistance?
- Communication
- Empowerment
- Support
- Incentives
LRS: Communication
- Being open and honest about change
- Can help employees fully understand direction of the business and impact on the business
LRS: Empowerment
- Involving employees in the change process can help them get on board with change
LRS: Support
- Those affected by change need to be supported through the process
e. g. if they are made redundant business should help them in finding new employment
LRS: Incentives
- Providing something that encourages employees to embrace change
e. g. promotions, bonuses
What are high risk strategies?
- Can result in negative consequences compared to LRS
- Manipulation
- Threat
HRS: Manipulation
- Gaining support from employees by the selective use of facts or deception
- Can reduce resistance as employees will only be told positives of change rather than negatives
HRS: Threat
- Forcing employees to embrace change or receive retribution
e. g. loss of promotion, demotion, loss of working conditions
Lewins Change Model: Unfreezing
- Preparing business for change
- Identifying what needs to change
- Creates urgency for change
Lewings Change Model: Change
- Begin moving to desired state
- Important that communication and support is used in this stage for those struggling
- People must be empowered and necessary resources must be provided
Lewins Change Model: Refreezing
- Reinforcing change
- Anchoring it into culture so it can remain long term
- Without refreezing things may gradually drift back to old ways
- Adjustments made where necessary
- Support and training provided to reinforce
Effect of change for employees
- May be made redundant
- May be redeployed
- May impact number of working hours
- May change nature of job
Effect of change for managers
- May find changes in their responsibilities while implementing change
Effect of change on general community
- Reducing employees for a local business may impact on other businesses as employees may go there for goods/services
e. g. cafes
Effect of change on suppliers
- Could necessitate new contracts
CSR considerations when implementing change
- Downsizing
- Suppliers
- Changes in tech
- Impact on environment
