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Chem 2 > unit 4 > Flashcards

unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hetero cyclic compounds are

A

cyclic organic compounds where other elements such as nitrogen and oxygen are also included in the rings along with carbon atoms

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2
Q

Hetero stands for more than one

A

element present in a single ring.

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3
Q

the largest and most varied family of organic compounds. They are compounds with 3,4,5,6 membered rings.

A

heterocyclic

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4
Q

The IUPAC rules allow three nomenclatures

A

I. The Hantzsch-Widman Nomenclature.
II. Common Names
III. The Replacement Nomenclature

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5
Q

Hantzsch-Widman nomenclature is based on the type

A

heteroatom; the ring size (n) and is it saturated or unsaturated.

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6
Q

are heterocyclic amines occurring naturally in plants

A

alkaloids

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7
Q

They show basic characteristics and therefore the name “alkali-like”. These are used as antidepressants, anesthetics and stimulants.

A

alkaloids

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8
Q

alkaloid examples

A 
nicotine 
coniine
morphine
caffeine
quinine
atropine
codeine
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9
Q

nicotine

structure and effect

A

pyrrolidine structure. It is addictive and increases the adrenaline level in blood.

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10
Q

Coniine is obtained from and what ring structure

A

obtained from hemlock, is extremely toxic with a piperidine ring.

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11
Q

Morphine is found and used as

A

found in opium, is an effective pain killer.

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12
Q

Caffeine is found, does and has what kind of ring

A

found in cocoa

stimulates the central nervous system

a purine ring

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13
Q

Quinine, is from and used to treat

A

from the bark of cinchona tree, has been used to treat malaria.

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14
Q

Atropine is from and used to

A

from belladonna
accelerate slow heart rate
and dilate the eyes

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15
Q

Codeine

is from and used for

A

from opium plant and used in perscription pain killers

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16
Q

oxycotin is from and used for

A

morphine and a pain killer

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17
Q

PYRROL

A

a five-membered ring with the formula C4H4NH. It is found in nicotine and other alkaloids.]

very low basic nature due to nitrogen pair

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18
Q

PORPHIN is the parent chemical for

A

porphyrins

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19
Q

C20H14N4. It is an aromatic heterocyclic solid substance. It consists of four pyrrole rings joined together by four methine (=CH—) groups to form a larger macrocycle ring.

A

porphin

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20
Q

Around the perimeter of the macrocycle ring, there is a cyclic chain of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms, all of which are part of a conjugated double bond system, giving the molecule its aromatic character

A

porphin

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21
Q

aromatic character of porphin stems both from its

A

conjugation as well as its flat or planar geometry, meaning that all the atoms lie in a single plane.

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22
Q

A porphyrin with an iron atom of the type found in myoglobin, hemoglobin, or certain cytochromes is called

A

heme

23
Q

indole is what kind of compund

A

aromatic
bicyclic structure
6 member benzene ring, attached to a five member pyrole ring

24
Q

first isolated by indigo dye with oleum

A

indole

25
Q

is indole a base

A

no because of nitrogens lone pair

26
Q

Even though it is used as a fixative in many perfumes, higher concentrations has a foul smell.

A

indole

27
Q

Tryptamine

A

derivate of indole

28
Q

Serotonin,

A

derivative of indole

29
Q

pyrazole is what shape

A

5 membered heterocyclic ring

two nitrogen/hydrogen atoms

30
Q

two derivatives of pyrazole

A

Antipyrine

analgin

31
Q

Pyridine is

A

is a simple aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C5H5N

is a benzene that has a nitrogen

32
Q

is also used as a denaturant for antifreeze mixtures, for ethyl alcohol, for fungicides, and as a dyeing aid for textiles.

A

pyridine

33
Q

Pyrimidine is a

A

aromatic organic compound similar to benzene and pyridine, containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the six-member ring.

34
Q

Three nucleobases found in nucleic acids (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) are

A

pyrimidine

35
Q

it was isolated by hydrolysis of yeast nuclein that was found in bovine thymus and spleen, herring, sperm, and wheat germ. It is a planar, unsaturated compound that has the ability to absorb light.

A

uracil

36
Q

three pyrimidine derivatives

A

cytosine
uracil
thymine

37
Q

purine

A

consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring.

38
Q

It is present in anti-cancer drugs.

A

PYRIMIDINE

PURINE

39
Q

Modified alkaloids

A

Oxycontin – modification of morphine; pain killer
Procaine; Lidocaine – modification of cocaine
Meperidine – modification of morphine; pain killer

40
Q

– purine ring; stimulant; pain killer

A

caffeine

41
Q

pyrrolidine ring; adrenaline increase

A

nicotine

42
Q

malaria treatment

A

Quinine

43
Q

pain killer; cough syrup

A

codeine

44
Q

pain killer

A

morphine

45
Q

eye dilation; accelerate heart rate

A

atropine

46
Q

piperidine ring

A

coniine

47
Q

pyrrol

A 
Pyrrolidine (another name)
5 membered ring
Low basicity
Nicotine 
Porphobilinogen           (biosynthetic precursor )
48
Q

porphin

A

solid
four pyrrole rings joined together by four methine (=CH—) groups
four central nitrogen atoms can act as ligands to bond to a metal ion in the center of the molecule.
myoglobin, hemoglobin (Fe)
Chlorophyll (Mg)

49
Q

indole

A

six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing pyrrole ring
used in many alkaloids and drugs
Not a base
Solid at room temperature
Tryptamine (monoamine alkaloid)
Serotonin (monoamine neurotransmitter)

50
Q

pyrazole

A

5 membered hetero cyclic ring (three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms in adjacent positions)
Antipyrine
Analgin

51
Q

pyrridine

A

found in several vitamins
colorless liquid with a distinctive, unpleasant fish-like odor
denaturant for antifreeze mixtures
pyridine is readily degraded by bacteria to ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Precursor to medicines

52
Q

pyrimidine

A

present in anti-cancer drugs.

cytosine, thymine, and uracil are pyrimidine derivatives

53
Q

Purine

A

pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring
found in anti-cancer drugs
adenine & guanine has purine structure
caffeine

Chem 2 (9 decks)

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