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Chem 2 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Organic compounds are found in majority of the common products such as

A

medicines, plastic materials and food

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2
Q

Main constituents of organic compounds are

A

carbon, hydrogen and nonmetals like oxygen, nitrogen, halogens.

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3
Q

carbon, hydrogen and nonmetals like oxygen, nitrogen, halogens. consist of

A

molecules and not ions

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4
Q

Carbon atoms form what bond

A

covalent

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5
Q

Carbon atoms are polar or non polar

A

non polar

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6
Q

carbon atoms have what force

A

weak intermolecular force

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7
Q

due to carbons weak force what happens to them

A

they vaporize quickly and has high vapor pressure

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8
Q

what is the boiling point typically for organic liquids

A

low boiling point

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9
Q

what is the boiling point for organic solids

A

have low melting points

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10
Q

Inorganic molecules have what bond

A

ionic

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11
Q

inorganic compunds have what boiling/melting point

A

higher

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12
Q

are organic compounds soluble or insoluble in water

A

insoluble

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13
Q

Organic compounds can be represented using two types of formula,

A

molecular and structural

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14
Q

what form gives a detailed picture of the compound.

A

structural or expanded

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15
Q

is the general form used in writing a compound’s formula

A

molecular

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16
Q

is the detailed form written by expanding the formula.

A

structural

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17
Q

isomers

A

are compounds with the same molecular formulae but that are structurally different.

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18
Q

they can have different chemical, physical and biological properties.

A

isomers

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19
Q

types of isomers

A

depending upon their connectivity: structural & stereo isomers.

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20
Q

STRUCTURAL (Constitutional) ISOMERS:

A

When two compounds share the same molecular formula, while the arrangement of atoms are different, they are called structural isomers.

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21
Q

How do structural isomers differ

A

They differ in the order in which the atoms are connected so they can contain different functional groups and / or bonding patterns.

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22
Q

number of possible isomers increase when

A

carbon skeleton increase in size

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23
Q

what happens In the conversion of one structural isomer to another,

A

at least one bond must be broken and reformed at a different position in the molecule.

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24
Q

Stereoisomers

A

are structures with same molecular formula, but different in the way atoms are arranged in 3 dimensional space.

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25
Q

if the order of attachment of atoms in isomers are identical, they are

A

stereo isomers

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26
Q

There are 2 types of stereoisomers

A

configurational & conformational.

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27
Q

are an example of 1-propanol, 2-propanol and ethyl methyl ether (C3H8O)

A

stereo isomers

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28
Q

Conformational isomers (or conformers or rotational isomers or rotamers)

A

are stereoisomers produced by rotation about central bonds, and are often rapidly interconverting at room temperature

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29
Q

Configurational isomers are

A

stereoisomers that do not readily interconvert at room temperature and can (in principle at least) be separated.

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30
Q

There are two types of configurational stereoisomers

A

geometric and optical.

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31
Q

Geometric isomers or cis-tran

A

are configurational isomers that differ in the spatial position around a bond with restricted rotation (e.g. a double bond) or across a ring system.

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32
Q

differ in the relative position(s) of substituents in a rigid molecule.

A

geometric or cis tran isomers

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33
Q

Optical isomers

A

isomers are configurational isomers that differ in the 3D relationship of the substituents about one or more atoms. They are molecules whose structures are mirror images but cannot be superimposed on one another in any orientation.

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34
Q

geometric/ cis tran isomers have what physical and chemical properties

A

different

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35
Q

optical isomers have what kind of physical and and chemical properties

A

same physical properties

may have different chemical properties

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36
Q

Molecules that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are said to be

A

chiral

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37
Q

Examples of some familiar chiral objects are

A

your hands, feet, and ears.

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38
Q

An achiral object is one that

A

can be superimposed on its mirror image

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39
Q

Most chiral organic molecules have at least

A

one carbon atom that is bonded to four different groups

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40
Q

This carbon, often designated by an asterisk in structural drawings, is called a

A

a chiral center or asymmetric carbon atom

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41
Q

Asymmetric carbon atoms are found in

A

many naturally occurring molecules, such as lactic acid, which is present in milk and muscles, and nicotine, a component of tobacco.

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42
Q

DIASTEREOMERS:

A

These are stereoisomers that are not enantiomers (alternatively, not a mirror image).

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43
Q

subtypes of diastereomers

A

geometric isomers and conformational isomers

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44
Q

There are two types of optical configurational stereo isomers

A

diasteromer

enantiomer

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45
Q

diastereomers are

A

optical stereo isomers which are neither mirror images nor which cannot be superimposed.

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46
Q

ENANTIOMERS

A

They are optical stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images. These structures are mirror images like left and right hands. They cannot be superimposed.

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47
Q

. A molecule and its nonsuperimposable mirror image are called

A

enentiomer

48
Q

2 enantiomers of a drug may

A

may not be equally effective

49
Q

In the three-dimensional structure of methane, CH4, the hydrogen atoms attached to a carbon atom are aligned HOW?

A

at the corners of a tetrahedron.

50
Q

In a symmetrical arrangement of polar bonds, the overall molecule is polar or nonpolar?

A

nonpolar.

51
Q

VSEPR theory predicts that simple carbon compounds will form bonds that are

A

as far a part as possible

52
Q

A molecule containing a carbon atom bonded to four chlorine atoms has the shape of a

A

tetrahedron.

53
Q

The bond angles of tetravalent carbon are all approximately

A

109 degrees

54
Q

As carbon bonds with atoms of increasingly higher electronegativities, the polarity of the bond

A

increases

55
Q

Carbon tetrachloride has a polar C-Cl bond. What is the overall polarity of the carbon tetrachloride molecule

A

nonpolar

56
Q 
Which of the following is NOT typical of most organic compounds?
A) high melting point
B) poor solubility in water
C) low boiling point
D) covalent bonding
E) high flammability
A

A) high melting point

57
Q 
Which one of the following is NOT an organic substance?
A) an antibiotic
B) nylon
C) coal
D) silk
E) salt, sodium chloride
A

E) salt, sodium chloride

58
Q

Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of compounds of

A

carbon

59
Q

How does a molecule of a vitamin synthesized in the laboratory behave when compared to the behavior of the same vitamin isolated from a natural source (e.g., vitamin C synthesized, compared to vitamin C from rose hips)?

A

identical in every way

60
Q

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

A

4

61
Q

Carbon atoms always have how many covalent bonds?

A

4

62
Q

In a condensed structural formula, each carbon atom is

A

grouped with its bonded hydrogen atoms.

63
Q

A formula that shows the arrangement of all bonds in a molecule is called a(n)

A

complete structural formula. Same as expanded

64
Q

When drawing a structural formula, the first step is to draw

A

THE MAIN CARBON CHAIN

65
Q

Organic compounds that are poorly soluble in water behave that way because they are

A

generally non polar

66
Q

What is the molecular formula of benzene?

A

C6H6

67
Q

True/False:

Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of carbon compounds.

A

False

68
Q

True or False There are millions of organic compounds

A

True

69
Q

True or False

Carbon has 6 valence electrons

A

False 4

70
Q

True or False Organic compounds are always highly water soluble

A

False

71
Q

True or False

Most organic compounds are flammable.

A

True

72
Q

True or False

Organic compounds can only be made by living things because a “vital force” is needed for their creation

A

False

73
Q

True or False

Most prescription drugs are organic molecules

A

True

74
Q

True or False

In a condensed structural formula, the carbon and attached hydrogens are written as a group.

A

True

75
Q

True or False

Organic liquids are often less dense than water

A

True

76
Q

True or False Mineral oil is a liquid hydrocarbon used as a laxative and lubricant in medical practice.

A

True

77
Q

True or False

Nylon, polyester, and most other plastics are carbon compounds.

A

True

78
Q

True or False

One essential building block of aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen is the benzene ring

A

True

79
Q

True or False The chemical formula for benzene is C6H12.

A

false C6H6

80
Q

high melting point-

A

inorganic

81
Q

flammable

A

organic

82
Q

covalent bonds

A

organic

83
Q

insoluble in water

A

organic

84
Q

ionic bonds

A

inorganic

85
Q 
2) In a symmetrical arrangement of polar bonds, the overall molecule is
A) highly polar.
B) somewhat polar.
C) nonpolar.
D) reverse polar.
E) strongly reverse polar.
A

C) nonpolar. (because of equal pull on each side)

86
Q 
3) VSEPR theory predicts that simple carbon compounds will form bonds that are
A) as far apart as possible.
B) as close together as possible.
C) arranged in a straight line.
D) pointed to the corners of a cube.
E) pointed to the corners of a triangle.
A

A) as far apart as possible.

87
Q 
) As carbon bonds with atoms of increasingly higher electronegativities, the polarity of the bond
A) decreases.
B) increases. 
C) stays the same.
D) reverses.
E) becomes inverted.
A

B) increases. (higher electronegativity, higher polarity)

88
Q 
7) Carbon tetrachloride has a polar C-Cl bond. What is the overall polarity of the carbon tetrachloride molecule? (molecular formula CCl4) (organic compounds are usually nonpolar) 
A) weakly polar
B) strongly polar
C) reversed polarity
D) nonpolar, 
E) inverse polarity
A

D) nonpolar, since the structure is symmetrical (although each c-cl bond is polar)

89
Q 
8) Which of the following is NOT typical of most organic compounds?
A) high melting point
B) poor solubility in water
C) low boiling point
D) covalent bonding
E) high flammability
A

A) high melting point

90
Q 
9) Which one of the following is NOT an organic substance?
A) an antibiotic
B) nylon
C) coal
D) silk
E) salt, sodium chloride
A

E) salt, sodium chloride

91
Q 
10) Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of compounds of
A) oxygen.
B) hydrogen.
C) living things.
D) polymers.
E) carbon.
A

E) carbon.

92
Q 
11) How does a molecule of a vitamin synthesized in the laboratory behave when compared to the behavior of the same vitamin isolated from a natural source (e.g., vitamin C synthesized, compared to vitamin C from rose hips)?
A) identical in every way
B) usually identical
C) Some effects are the same.
D) Few effects are the same.
E) The natural vitamin is better.
A

A) identical in every way

93
Q

12) How many valence electrons does carbon have?

A) one B) two C) three D) four E) five

A

D) four

94
Q

13) Carbon atoms always have how many covalent bonds?

A) one B) two C) three D) four E) five

A

D) four

95
Q

14) In a condensed structural formula, each carbon atom is
A) shown with all individual atoms and bonds drawn.
B) shown with only the other carbon atoms.
C) grouped with its bonded hydrogen atoms.
D) not explicitly shown.
E) written in lowercase letters.

A

C) grouped with its bonded hydrogen atoms.

96
Q 
15) A formula that shows the arrangement of all bonds in a molecule is called a(n)
A) molecular formula.
B) complete structural formula. 
C) condensed structural formula. 
D) condensed molecular formula.
E) isomeric formula.
A

B) complete structural formula. Same as expanded

97
Q 
18) When drawing a structural formula, the first step is to draw
A) the substituents.
B) the most highly substituted carbons.
C) the saturated carbons.
D) the main carbon chain.
E) the functional group.
A

D) the main carbon chain

98
Q 
19) Organic compounds that are poorly soluble in water behave that way because they are
A) highly polar.
B) moderately polar.
C) covalently bonded.
D) generally nonpolar.
E) ionically bonded
A

D) generally nonpolar.

99
Q 
21) What is the molecular formula of benzene?
A) C6H4
B) C6H6
C) C6H8
D) C6H10
E) C6H12
A

B) C6H6

100
Q

22) Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of carbon compounds
T/F?

A

t

101
Q

23) There are millions of organic compounds. T/F?

A

t

102
Q

24) Carbon has six valence electrons. T/F?

A

False 4

103
Q

25) Organic compounds are always highly water soluble. T/F?

A

F

104
Q

26) Most organic compounds are flammable. T/F?

A

T

105
Q

30) Organic liquids are often less dense than water. T/F?

A

True (because oil has less density than water)

106
Q

27) Organic compounds can only be made by living things because a “vital force” is needed for their creation. T/F?

A

False

107
Q

28) Most prescription drugs are organic molecules. T/F?

A

T

108
Q

29) In a condensed structural formula, the carbon and attached hydrogens are written as a group. T/F?

A

T

109
Q

31) Mineral oil is a liquid hydrocarbon used as a laxative and lubricant in medical practice. T/F?

A

T

110
Q

32) Nylon, polyester, and most other plastics are carbon compounds. T/F?

A

T

111
Q

33) One essential building block of aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen is the benzene ring. T/F?

A

T

112
Q

34) The chemical formula for benzene is C6H12. T/F?

A

False C6 H6

113
Q

1) high melting point- organic/inorganic?

A

inorganic

114
Q

2) flammable- organic/inorganic?

A

organic

115
Q

3) covalent bonds- organic/inorganic?

A

organic

116
Q

4) insoluble in water-organic/inorganic?

A

organic

117
Q

5) ionic bonds- organic/inorganic?

A

inorganic

Chem 2 (9 decks)

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