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ANS 214 > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the male reproductive system

A
  1. Inseminate females
  2. Maintain a constant supply of sperm
  3. Detect females in estrus/heat
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2
Q

What response does pheromones create

A

The flehmen response from the vomeronasal organ

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3
Q

Semen is….

A

Sperm + seminal plasma

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4
Q

What are the two types of penises?

A

Fibroelastic: more collagen, decreased blood flow
Vasculature: less collagen, increased blood flow

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5
Q

Glans Penis

A

Temp and pressure sensing

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6
Q

Three components that produce seminal fluid

A

bulbourethral gland, prostate, seminal vesicles

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7
Q

Sigmoid Flexure

A

Muscle that controls retracting of the penis

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8
Q

Vas Deferens

A

How sperm is transported

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9
Q

Scrotum

A

Skin around testes

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10
Q

Epididymis

A

Where sperm matures, is stored, and water absorption

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11
Q

Testis

A

Where spermatogenesis occurs

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12
Q

What process produces sperm

A

Spermatogenesis

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13
Q

What cells produce testerones? What is it stimulated by

A

Interstitial cells, which LH stimulates

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14
Q

Rete testes

A

Collection point

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15
Q

Efferent Ductules

A

Maturation of sperm

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16
Q

Spermatic cord

A

Raises or lowers testes

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17
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Where sperm is made with open-ended tubules

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18
Q

What two muscles raise/lower to regulate the temp in males?

A

Dartos and Cremaster muscle

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19
Q

In spermatogenesis: _____ releases ___ from the anterior pituitary. This then releases _______ which is required from spermatogenesis

A

GnRH, FSH and androgen-binding protein

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20
Q

GnRH also will stilumlate the production of what? This will then produce what?

A

LH and testosterone

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21
Q

What two things aid in the down-regulation of spermatogenesis

A

testosterone and inhibin

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22
Q

What are the accessory glands in the male reproductive system

A

Bulbourethral gland, seminal vesicles, and prostate

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23
Q

Bulbourethral gland

A

Thick, clear mucus secreted before ejaculation. It lubricates the glans penis and neutralizes acid from urine

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24
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Viscous alkaline fluid with 70% volume of semen. It contains fructose, ascorbic acid, coagulating enzymes, and prostaglandins

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25
Q

Prostate

A

Produces milky, slightly acidic fluid that contains citrate and enzymes that aid in sperm capacitation

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26
Q

Sustentacular cell

A

The production of androgen-binding protein, production of inhibin, and assists in sperm maturation.

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27
Q

During which phase of spermatogenesis does spermiogenesis occur?

A

Late spermatogenesis

28
Q

Which organelle is responsible for developing the acrosome?

A

Golgi apparatus

29
Q

Which organelle is responsible for developing into the sperm tail (flagellum)?

A

Centriole

30
Q

Which process is stimulated by LH binding to interstitial endocrine cells?

A

Production on testosterone

31
Q

Which cell type has receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A

Interstitial cells

32
Q

Which process is stimulated by FSH binding to sustentacular cells?

A

Production of androgen-binding protein

33
Q

What are the 8 functions of the female reproductive system

A
  1. transport sperm and oocytes
  2. facilitate fertilization
  3. produce enviro. for embryo and fetus to develop
  4. give birth to a fetus
  5. recycle to become pregnant again
  6. provide nutrients to the young
  7. produce oocyte
  8. regulation of activities of repro system
34
Q

Suburethral diverticulum

A

bladder connects with vagina , allows for urine secretion

35
Q

Vulva

A

External genitalia

36
Q

Vagina

A

Provides tmp/pressure, birth canal, site of semen deposition, and prevents bacteria growth

37
Q

Cervix

A

Barrier for sperm, forms mucous plug during pregnancy, and short-term storage of sperm

38
Q

Oviduct

A

Site of fertilization

39
Q

Ovary

A

Site of oogenesis and follicular development

40
Q

Uterus

A

Transports sperm and preparation of sperm

41
Q

Utero-tubal junction

A

Where the uterus and horn meet

42
Q

Ampullary-Isthmic junction

A

Reigion of the oviduct that is the site of fertilization

43
Q

Isthmus

A

After the site of fertilization, nourish sperm, oocyte, and embryo

44
Q

Infundibulum

A

Funnel to catch oocyte

45
Q

Ampulla

A

Movement of oocyte

46
Q

What hormone does the CL produce

A

progesterone

47
Q

Cortex

A

Female gametes, and follicles, produces E2, and develop CL

48
Q

Germinal Epithelium

A

The outer layer of the ovary that is ruptured during ovulation

49
Q

Medulla

A

Supports oocyte development through blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and connective tissue

50
Q

When are primordial follicles developed

A

Act birth

51
Q

What are the majority of follicles

A

Primary follicles

52
Q

Which species has an “inside out” ovary and utilizes an ovulatory fossa?

A

Mare

53
Q

Which phase of the ovarian cycle occurs after ovulation?

A

Luteal phase

54
Q

Which follicle type has a fluid-filled antrum and a layer of theca cells and granulosa cells?

A

Late secondary follicles

55
Q

Which follicular cell type has receptors for both LH and FSH?

A

Granulosa cells

56
Q

Conversion of cholesterol to progesterone occurs in which follicular cell?

A

Granulosa cells

57
Q

Conversion of testosterone to estradiol/estrogen occurs in which follicular cell type?

A

Granulosa cells

58
Q

Estrogen levels are very high. What structure is present on the ovary?

A

Late secondary follicles

59
Q

What occurs during the process of ovulation?

A

The basement membrane begins to degrade, granulosa and theca cells begin to mix, and the complete rupture of the basement membrane

60
Q

What stimulates the regression/destruction of the corpus luteum (CL)?

A

Prostaglandin F2-alpha

61
Q

What are the functions of progesterone?

A

Inhibition of myometrial contractions, stimulation of secretion of nutrients for the embryo, and inhibition of estrus and parturition, stimulate prostaglandin

62
Q

Which hormone surges and triggers ovulation?

A

LH

63
Q

The resorptive phase and the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle occur during which phase of the ovarian cycle?

A

Follicular phase

64
Q

Growth of the uterine lining occurs at what phase of the uterine cycle? What prompts this>

A

Proliferative phase - E2

65
Q

Progesterone is high. What phase of the uterine cycle is occurring?

A

Secretory phase

66
Q

When is the secretory phase

A

Post ovulation

ANS 214 (6 decks)

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