Unit 4 Flashcards
Functions of the male reproductive system
- Inseminate females
- Maintain a constant supply of sperm
- Detect females in estrus/heat
What response does pheromones create
The flehmen response from the vomeronasal organ
Semen is….
Sperm + seminal plasma
What are the two types of penises?
Fibroelastic: more collagen, decreased blood flow
Vasculature: less collagen, increased blood flow
Glans Penis
Temp and pressure sensing
Three components that produce seminal fluid
bulbourethral gland, prostate, seminal vesicles
Sigmoid Flexure
Muscle that controls retracting of the penis
Vas Deferens
How sperm is transported
Scrotum
Skin around testes
Epididymis
Where sperm matures, is stored, and water absorption
Testis
Where spermatogenesis occurs
What process produces sperm
Spermatogenesis
What cells produce testerones? What is it stimulated by
Interstitial cells, which LH stimulates
Rete testes
Collection point
Efferent Ductules
Maturation of sperm
Spermatic cord
Raises or lowers testes
Seminiferous tubules
Where sperm is made with open-ended tubules
What two muscles raise/lower to regulate the temp in males?
Dartos and Cremaster muscle
In spermatogenesis: _____ releases ___ from the anterior pituitary. This then releases _______ which is required from spermatogenesis
GnRH, FSH and androgen-binding protein
GnRH also will stilumlate the production of what? This will then produce what?
LH and testosterone
What two things aid in the down-regulation of spermatogenesis
testosterone and inhibin
What are the accessory glands in the male reproductive system
Bulbourethral gland, seminal vesicles, and prostate
Bulbourethral gland
Thick, clear mucus secreted before ejaculation. It lubricates the glans penis and neutralizes acid from urine
Seminal vesicles
Viscous alkaline fluid with 70% volume of semen. It contains fructose, ascorbic acid, coagulating enzymes, and prostaglandins
Prostate
Produces milky, slightly acidic fluid that contains citrate and enzymes that aid in sperm capacitation
Sustentacular cell
The production of androgen-binding protein, production of inhibin, and assists in sperm maturation.
During which phase of spermatogenesis does spermiogenesis occur?
Late spermatogenesis
Which organelle is responsible for developing the acrosome?
Golgi apparatus
Which organelle is responsible for developing into the sperm tail (flagellum)?
Centriole
Which process is stimulated by LH binding to interstitial endocrine cells?
Production on testosterone
Which cell type has receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH)?
Interstitial cells
Which process is stimulated by FSH binding to sustentacular cells?
Production of androgen-binding protein
What are the 8 functions of the female reproductive system
- transport sperm and oocytes
- facilitate fertilization
- produce enviro. for embryo and fetus to develop
- give birth to a fetus
- recycle to become pregnant again
- provide nutrients to the young
- produce oocyte
- regulation of activities of repro system
Suburethral diverticulum
bladder connects with vagina , allows for urine secretion
Vulva
External genitalia
Vagina
Provides tmp/pressure, birth canal, site of semen deposition, and prevents bacteria growth
Cervix
Barrier for sperm, forms mucous plug during pregnancy, and short-term storage of sperm
Oviduct
Site of fertilization
Ovary
Site of oogenesis and follicular development
Uterus
Transports sperm and preparation of sperm
Utero-tubal junction
Where the uterus and horn meet
Ampullary-Isthmic junction
Reigion of the oviduct that is the site of fertilization
Isthmus
After the site of fertilization, nourish sperm, oocyte, and embryo
Infundibulum
Funnel to catch oocyte
Ampulla
Movement of oocyte
What hormone does the CL produce
progesterone
Cortex
Female gametes, and follicles, produces E2, and develop CL
Germinal Epithelium
The outer layer of the ovary that is ruptured during ovulation
Medulla
Supports oocyte development through blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and connective tissue
When are primordial follicles developed
Act birth
What are the majority of follicles
Primary follicles
Which species has an “inside out” ovary and utilizes an ovulatory fossa?
Mare
Which phase of the ovarian cycle occurs after ovulation?
Luteal phase
Which follicle type has a fluid-filled antrum and a layer of theca cells and granulosa cells?
Late secondary follicles
Which follicular cell type has receptors for both LH and FSH?
Granulosa cells
Conversion of cholesterol to progesterone occurs in which follicular cell?
Granulosa cells
Conversion of testosterone to estradiol/estrogen occurs in which follicular cell type?
Granulosa cells
Estrogen levels are very high. What structure is present on the ovary?
Late secondary follicles
What occurs during the process of ovulation?
The basement membrane begins to degrade, granulosa and theca cells begin to mix, and the complete rupture of the basement membrane
What stimulates the regression/destruction of the corpus luteum (CL)?
Prostaglandin F2-alpha
What are the functions of progesterone?
Inhibition of myometrial contractions, stimulation of secretion of nutrients for the embryo, and inhibition of estrus and parturition, stimulate prostaglandin
Which hormone surges and triggers ovulation?
LH
The resorptive phase and the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle occur during which phase of the ovarian cycle?
Follicular phase
Growth of the uterine lining occurs at what phase of the uterine cycle? What prompts this>
Proliferative phase - E2
Progesterone is high. What phase of the uterine cycle is occurring?
Secretory phase
When is the secretory phase
Post ovulation
