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Science > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Static Electricity

A

Object has an imbalance in charges (friction)

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2
Q

Current Electricity

A

Exists when charges move continuously

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3
Q

Coulombs

A

A charge of electricity

1C = 6.25x10^18 protons or electrons

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4
Q

Conductors

A

Materials that allow charges to move

Ex: metals, electrolytic solutions

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5
Q

Insulators

A

Materials that prevents charges from moving

Ex: non-metals (plastic, rubber, glass, cotton)

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6
Q

Charging by Rubbing

A

Friction
When rubbed, electrons transfer from one object to another (objects acquire different charges)

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7
Q

Triboelectric series

A

A list that ranks materials ability to gain or lose electrons

(Easily gains electrons - negative) plastic, sulphur, gold

(Easily loses electrons - positive) glass, wool, fur, lead

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8
Q

Charging by Conduction

A

Mouvement of negative energy from one charged object to a neutral one

  1. Initial situation
  2. Approach (dipole created)
  3. Contact (charges move)
  4. Separation (two objects of similar charges)
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9
Q

Grounding

A

Earthing

Earth (an infinite capacity to supply or receive electrons) can make a charge object neutral when touching ground

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10
Q

Charging by induction

A

Charging without contact, requires a third neutral object

  1. Initial situation
  2. Approach with charging object (dipole created in middle neutral)
  3. Contact with third-neutral-object (to middle-neutral object - charges move)
  4. Removal of objects (said to be charged one not touching tho suspect vice versa)
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11
Q

Circuit

A

A network in which charges (electrons can move continuously)

Closed (moving)
Open (not moving)

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12
Q

Direct vs Alternating Current

A

DC: Electrons moving in sole direction (symbol two lines one shorter and longer)

AC: Electrons moving in either direction (Symbol sideways backwards S)

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13
Q

Power supply

A

Electrical function performed by any component that can generate electrical current

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14
Q

Battery

A

Power supply (DC)
- Portable
—
- Must be replaced
- Can contaminate environment

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15
Q

Electrical Outlet

A

Power supply AC
- Stable & long lasting
- Low GHG (if Hydro-Electric)
—
- Hydro dams flood land
- Appliance cannot be far from wall outlets
- Appliances stop working during power cut

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16
Q

Photovoltaic (Solar) Cell

A

Power supply DC
- Can be used in isolated areas
- Power portable or mobile devices
- No GHG
- 20-30y lifespan
—
- Depends on sunny conditions
- expensive install than other power sources

17
Q

Protection

A

Electrical function performed by a circuit component stops current flow if too high

18
Q

Fuse

A

Protection
Conducting filament melts and breaks, preventing flow
must be replaced

19
Q

Breaker

A

Bimetallic strip or electromagnet activates, connection broken
* switch is thrown to restore flow*

20
Q

Control

A

Electrical function to start and stop flow

Switch

21
Q

Resistance

A

Electrical function performed by component that decreases the current in a circuit

Symbol: squizzly lines

22
Q

Energy Transformation

A

Electrical function performed by a component that converts electrical energy into another form of energy

(Light bulb)

23
Q

Formula for Current

A

I = Q/t

I = Current Intensity (measures in A - amps)
Q = Charge (measures in C - Coulombs)
t = Time (measures in s - seconds)

# of electrical charges that pass a fixed point every second

24
Q

Ammeter

A

Measures current in a circuit

Measures in series

Series: intensity stays the same

25
Q

Formula for Voltage

A

V = E/Q

V = Voltage (measures in V - volts)
E = Energy (measures in J - joules)
Q = Charge (measures in C - Coulombs)

Amount of energy transferred between 2 point in an electrical circuit

26
Q

Voltmeter

A

Measures voltage

Measures in parallel

27
Q

Formula for Resistance

A

R=V/I

R = Resistance (measures in omega sign - ohms)
V = Voltage (measures in V - volts)
I = Current Intensity (measures in A - amps)

measure of how much a material resists the flow of electric current

28
Q

Formula for Conductance

A

G=I/V

G = Conductance (measures in S - siemens)
I = Current Intensity (measures in A - amps)
V = Voltage (measures in V - volts)

Measures how much a material can allow the flow of electric current

29
Q

Graphing conductance or resistance

A
  1. Plot out graph
    - y = numerator
    - x = denominator
  2. Find line of best fit
  3. Choose two point on the line (a=y2-y1/x2-x1)
30
Q

Factors Affecting Conductance (vice versa for Resistance)

A
  • Thickness: Thick (diameter)✅
  • Length: Short (distance)✅
  • Temperature: Cooler ✅
  • Material
31
Q

Formula for Power

A

P=VxI

P= Power (measures in W - watts)
V = Voltage (measures in V - volts)
I = Current Intensity (measures in A - amps)

Electrical energy converted into work (heat, light, etc) every second

32
Q

Formula for Energy

A

E (energy) =P (power) x t (time)

J (joules) = W (watt) x s (second)
W-h (Watt-hours) = W (watt) x h (hour)
kW-h (kilowatt-hours) = kW (kilowatt) x h (hour)

33
Q

Series circuit

A

There’s only one path for current flow

If one component breaks, the circuit stops working since flow of electricity is interrupted

34
Q

Parallel Circuit

A

There are multiple paths for current flow

If one component breaks, the circuit continues to work since flow of electricity is not interrupted

35
Q

Conventional Current

A

Movement of positive charges (from longer line + to shorter line -)

Science (12 decks)

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