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APES > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Earthquakes occur on

A

fault lines

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2
Q

Where is divergent plate boundary located?

A

Between the Americas & Africa/Europe

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3
Q

PLATE BOUNDARY TYPES:

Moving away from each other, Causes Volcanic Eruption

A

Divergent

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4
Q

PLATE BOUNDARY TYPES:

Coming together, Folds Mountains

A

Convergent

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5
Q

Plate Boundry Types

Moving side to side, Earthquakes (Most Famous is the San Andreas Fault)

A

Transform

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6
Q

Earth Layers in order

A

Crust
Mantle
Core

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7
Q

Definition

Paleomagnetism

A

iron in molten rock will point towards magnetic north as it hardens

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8
Q

plates move due to the unequal distribution of heat under the earth’s crust

new rock is in the middle, formed by new lava, & old rock is on outside

A

Thermal convection

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9
Q

Hawaiian islands are a hotspot for which type of natural disaster

A

Volcanos

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10
Q

San Andreas fault, is notorious for causing…

A

earthquakes

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11
Q

a material made of an even amount of sand, clay, & silt

(most effective for crops)

A

Loam

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12
Q

Soil Horizons in Order

A

O: Organic Material
A: (Top Soil)
B: (subsoil) Horizon is the zone of accumulation
C: Similar to parent material

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13
Q

Agricultural practices that lead to improved water quality in nearby streams & rivers

A

contour plowing
border shrubs
using crop rotation in fields

soil filters and cleans water that moves through it

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14
Q

Farm is experiencing crop loss due to high rains causing overly saturated soils. What would help?

A

Amending the soil with sand to increase the soil permeability

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15
Q

Vocab Word

circulation of all that is not directly attached to the planet due its rotation, causes circular pattern clockwise around a high pressure center in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise around a low pressure center in the Southern Hemisphere

A

Coriolis Effect

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16
Q

Atmosphere Layers in Order

A

Exosphere
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere

(from earth upwards) Try Some Milk Then Eggs

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17
Q

Where is the good & bad ozone

A

Stratosphere: Protective Ozone Layer
Troposhere: bad/smog ozone

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18
Q

Deserts are located at ?? degrees latitude

A

30°N & 30°S

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19
Q

High Temperature, lots of convention, Hadley Cells, Rainforests & Consistent Temps refers to an area…

A

near the equator

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20
Q

An area with defined seasons is likely

A

further from equator

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21
Q

Convection Currents caused by

A

air flowing from High to Low pressure

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22
Q

Unequal Heating over earth is caused by…

A

-Earth’s tilt
-amount of atmosphere the sun’s rays must pass through at that location

(pin prick vs spread out)

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23
Q

Global Air Circulation caused & affected by:

A

-uneven heating
-Seasons
-The Coriolis effect

24
Q

La Nina causes

A

stronger normal conditions

(not temperature but like dryness & wetness)

25
Q

El Nino causes

A

Current & weather goes opposite direction, trade winds caused by temperature and salinity

(Thermohaline)

26
Q

Vocab word

temperature salt circulation, ice is fresh water and the salt stays in the liquid, warmer current is on top, also known as the ocean conveyor belt

A

Thermohaline

27
Q

Gulf Stream current is known for

A

Causing warmer temperatures in the UK

28
Q

Protocol that reduced GHG emissions

A

The Kyoto protocol

29
Q

areas of water storage outside of lange bodies of water

A

Watershed

30
Q

Rainforests are located

A

on the equator

31
Q

Usable water is most commonly found

A

in rivers

32
Q

Reasons that human populations historically have settled in floodplains

A

-The soil in floodplains is usually fertile
-The terrain in floodplains tend to be flat
-Floodplains are close to rivers for transportation

33
Q

Why southern Hemisphere has a more regulated temperature

A

Land heats up & cools down faster

(more water, less land)

34
Q

What exerts a major influence on Earth’s overall climate?

A
  • The annual amount of solar radiation that reaches Earth’s surface
  • The concentrations of the specific gasses in Earth’s atmosphere
  • Distribution of land masses & oceans, combined with Earth’s topography
  • daily rotation of Earth on its axis, and its annual revolution around the Sun
35
Q

Angle of the sun’s rays determines the intensity on earth, latitude that is directly horizontal to the sun’s rays is the most intense

A
36
Q

Area that receives the highest solar radiation per unit area

A

Equator

(decreases toward the poles)

37
Q

The solar radiation a location receives varies based on

A

Season

38
Q

What days of the year have the most and least radiation?

A

Most Radiation = longest day of summer
Least Radiation = shortest winter day

39
Q

El Nino

A

-Seasonal patterns (trade winds) weaken
-Caused by Trade Winds pushing warm water to the top of the ocean
-Rainfall moving east is a sign of el nino
-blocked upwelling

40
Q

El Nino causes

A

-Coral Bleaching increases
-Seal population decreases
-Europe and most of the US just experiences a bit more rain but not much else
-miscarriages, brain diseases, malaria & invasive species increase
-Fewer hurricanes form in the Central Atlantic

41
Q

La Nina causes

A

-Increases upwelling
-Cool ocean upwellings lead to nutrient rich water & higher primary productivity
-phytoplankton production increases

42
Q

Neutral Conditions imply ??? waters in Australia and ??? waters in Peru

A

Austrialia: Warm Waters
Peru: Cooler Waters

43
Q

El Nino effects are focused in the ????? ocean, not the ????? ocean.

A

El Niño ocean effects are focused in the Pacific Ocean, not in the Atlantic ocean

44
Q

Mountains trap moisture traveling off the Pacific Ocean on the western flanks, creating a ????

A

rainshadow: land that is drier because of a high elevation area blocking precipitation (air has less moisture)

many mid-latitude deserts are in rain shadows

45
Q

Mountain passes act as funnels that ???? wind speeds

A

increases

(good place for wind turbines)

46
Q

???? occurs when the normal cooling of air with altitude is reversed, cold air near the ground is overlaid with a layer of warm air, which prevents convection

A

temperature inversion

47
Q

Basins enclosed by mountains are more likely to have …..

A

temperature inversions that concentrate pollutants in the lower atmosphere

(Mexico City & LA)

During an inversion on the mountain it may be sunny and warm while in the valley there is chilly fog

48
Q

the climate of such coastal regions tends to be

A

wetter

49
Q

Bordering an ocean helps…

A

stabilize humidity

50
Q

Warm ocean currents bring ???
Cold ocean currents bring ???

A

warm currents: warm moist unstable air with low pressure (storms etc)

cold currents: cold dry air with high pressure system (clear skys)

51
Q

Low pressure systems bring:

A

Storms, hail, show, fog, etc

52
Q

High Pressure Systems bring:

A

Clear Skies

53
Q

Both El Nino & La Nina can be predicted ????? and last anywhere from 2-7 years

A

a few months before they happen

54
Q

Atmosphere Layer with Lowest Density

A

Exosphere

55
Q

Layer of atmosphere where aurora borealis, & weather occurs

A

Thermosphere

56
Q

Atmophere Layer containing satellites & shooting stars

A

Mesosphere

APES (10 decks)

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