Unit 2

Question 1

the commonness or rarity of a species

Answer 1

evenness

more evenness=more diversity

Question 2

Frogs are a great water/air quality indicator species because

Answer 2

they breathe from their skin

Question 3

DO goes down & BOD goes up when water is…

Answer 3

polluted

Dissolved oxygen (DO)
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

Question 4

a single, identifiable source of a pollutant, such as a smokestack or waste discharge pipe

a pollution source you can point to

Answer 4

point source

Question 5

using $ units to describe the value of nature/ecosystems

Answer 5

Natural Capital

Question 6

(ecosystem service types)

Provisionary services include

Answer 6

goods produced or provided by ecosystems

Question 7

(ecosystem service types)

Regulating

Answer 7

Benefits from regulation processes of ecosystems

ex: pollination, predator-pest balence

Question 8

(ecological service types)

Cultural

Answer 8

Non-material benefits from nature/ecosystems

Question 9

(ecological services)

Supporting

Answer 9

Factors (Habitat) necessary for producing ecosystem services

Ex: Nutrient Cycling, Soil Formation, primary production

Question 10

Specialist species develop in isolated habitats (like islands) because of

Answer 10

limited food resources

Question 11

Islands closer to a mainland will have more species on them than further islands because…

Answer 11

they are easier to reach by mainland species

Question 12

native island species are more prone to extinction because

Answer 12

specialist species are more vulnerable to unpredictable events

Question 13

the range of conditions, such as temperature, salinity, flow rate, and sunlight that an organism can endure before injury or death results

(can apply to individuals or species)

Answer 13

Ecological Tolerance

Question 14

If the range of tolerance is very narrow the species is…

Answer 14

very vulnerable to environmental changes

Question 15

for each abiotic factor, organisms have a range of conditions it can survive

Answer 15

Law of tolerance

Question 16

Resources that are present in excess of an organism’s tolerance or in insufficient quantities to meet the basic needs of an organism

Answer 16

limiting factors

Question 17

Short Disturbances leads to…

Answer 17

fast growing species will become dominant

Question 18

Rare Disturbances means that

Answer 18

competitive species will become dominant

Question 19

Intermediate disturbances leads to

Answer 19

allows for greater diversity

Question 20

Environmental changes force organisms

Answer 20

to alter behaviors, move, or perish

Question 21

What marine biomes would species with a wide range of salinity inhabit?

Answer 21

Estuaries

Question 22

organisms that are best adapted to an environment survive and reproduce more than others

Answer 22

Natural Selection

Question 23

inherited trait that increases an organism’s chances of survival (Behavior, Physical, or Physiological)

Answer 23

Adaptation

Question 24

2+ species reciprocally affect each other’s evolution through natural selection

Answer 24

Coevolution

Question 25

gradual changes of species’ structure in ecosystems after a disturbance ???? in a disturbed ecosystem will affect the total biomass, species richness, and net productivity over time. Disturbance ex: (volcano, forest fire, clear cutting etc)

Answer 25

Succession

Question 26

Stages of Succession:

Answer 26

1. Initial Autotroph (something that feeds itself)
2. Rapidly Growing Autotrophs with Seeds
3. Larger Autotrophs

Question 27

Primary Succession

Answer 27

NO SOIL! Takes the longest, includes lichens & mosses

ex: on bare rock, after a glacial retreat, on a new sand dune, paved sur

Question 28

Secondary Succession

Answer 28

SOIL! Quicker than primary, may include some plants/animals

ex: wildfire, flood, human cleared land

Question 29

an early successional species that positively changes the local environment

Answer 29

Facilitation

Question 30

an early successional species that negatively changes the local environment by making immigration of a later species difficult

ex: plant releases chemicals that prevent germination of competitors

Answer 30

Interference

Question 31

must cope with unfavorable conditions during growth & seed distribution, like low nutrient availability (from limited soil development)

Answer 31

Pioneer Species

ex: early species that moved into a new area & adapted to new conditions

Question 32

a species with a strong role in structuring/building an ecosystem, physically modifies the environment & benefits and maintains habitats, found in all types of ecosystems can either reduce or increase species diversity depending on its role in an ecosystem

Answer 32

Foundation Species

ex: kelp provides shelter for other organisms in marine ecosystems

Question 33

species who play a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community, affecting many other organisms in an ecosystem determining the types and numbers of various other species who survive

Answer 33

Keystone Species

EX: the jaguar acts as a keystone predator due to its widely varied diet

Question 34

a plant or animal that, by its presence, abundance, scarcity, or chemical composition, demonstrates a distinctive aspect or quality of the biological condition of a present ecosystem

Answer 34

Indicator Species